Effects of shoe sole construction on skeletal motion during running

Stacoff, Alex; Reinschmidt, Christoph; Nigg, Benno M.; Van Den Bogert, Anton J.; Lundberg, Arne; Denoth, Jachen; Stüssi, Edgar

Affiliations

¹Human Performance Laboratory, The University of Calgary, CANADA

²Karolinska Institute, Department of Orthopaedics, University Hospital, Huddinge, SWEDEN

³Sulzer Orthopedics Ltd., Winterthur, SWITZERLAND

⁴Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH

⁵Biomechanics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Schlieren, SWITZERLAND

Abstract and keywords

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to quantify effects of shoe sole modification on skeletal kinematics of the calcaneus and tibia during the stance phase of running.

Methods: Intracortical bone pins with reflective marker triads were inserted under standard local anesthetic into the calcaneus and tibia of five healthy male subjects. The three-dimensional tibiocalcaneal rotations were determined using a joint coordinate system approach. Three shoe sole modifications were tested with different sole geometry: a lateral heel flare of 25° (flared), no flare 0° (straight), and a rounded sole.

Results: The results showed that these shoe sole modifications did not change tibiocalcaneal rotations substantially. The shoe sole effects at the bone level were small and unsystematic (mean effects being less than 1°) compared with the differences between the subjects (up to 7°). Shoe eversion measured simultaneously with shoe markers showed no systematic shoe sole effects. A comparison of shoe and bone results showed the total shoe eversion and maximum shoe eversion velocity to be approximately twice as large as the respective measurements based on bone markers (correlations being r = 0.79 for maximum eversion velocity; r = 0.88 for total eversion), indicating that there may be a relationship or coupling effect between the shoes and the bone.

Conclusions: It is concluded that the tibiocalcaneal kinematics of running may be individually unique and that shoe sole modifications may not be able to change them substantially.

Keywords: running injuries; shoes; sole flare; pronation; internal tibial rotation

Links

DOI: 10.1097/00005768-200102000-00022

PubMed: 11224823

WoS: 000166822300022

Ovid: 00005768-200102000-00022

History

Received: 1998-05

Accepted: 2000-05

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Cited By (8)

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2013	Bishop C, Paul G, Thewlis D. The reliability, accuracy and minimal detectable difference of a multi-segment kinematic model of the foot–shoe complex. Gait Post. April 2013;37(4):552-557.
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2012	Graf ES. Torsion of the Foot [PhD thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; May 2012.
2005	Butler RJ. Interaction of Arch Type and Footwear on Running Mechanics [PhD thesis]. University of Delaware; Summer 2005.
2004	Queen RM. The Effect of Positive Posterior Heel Flare on Muscle Activation, Kinetics, and Kinematics During Running Gait [PhD thesis]. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; 2004.