The Joints of the Ankle

Year	Entry
1989	Sammarco GJ. Biomechanics of the foot. In: Nordin M, Frankel VH, eds. Basic Biomechanics of the Musculoskeletal System. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lea & Febiger; 1989:163-181.
1986	Stacoff A, Luethi SM. Special aspects of shoe construction and foot anatomy. In: Nigg BM, ed. Biomechanics of Running Shoes. Champaign, IL: Inc., Human Kinetics Publishers; 1986:117-137.
1998	Hall GW, Crandall JR, Pilkey WD, Thunnissen JG. Development of a dynamic multibody model to analyze human lower extremity impact response and injury. In: Proceedings of the 1998 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 16-18, 1998; Göteberg, Sweden.117-134.
2000	Funk JR, Tourret LJ, George SE, Crandall JR. The role of axial loading in malleolar fractures. In: Proceedings of the SAE World Congress. March 6-9, 2000; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers. SAE 2000-01-0155.
2002	Funk JR, Srinivasan SCM, Crandall JR, Khaewpong N, Eppinger RH, Jaffredo AS, Potier P, Petit PY. The effects of axial preload and dorsiflexion on the tolerance of the ankle/subtalar joint to dynamic inversion and eversion. Stapp Car Crash J. 2002;46:245-265. SAE 2002-22-0013.
1985	Rasmussen O. Stability of the ankle joint: analysis of the function and traumatology of the ankle ligaments. Acta Orthop Scand. 1985;56(suppl 211):1-75.
1989	Lundberg A. Kinematics of the ankle and foot: in vivo roentgen stereophotogrammetry. Acta Orthop Scand. 1989;60(suppl 223):1-26.
1978	James SL, Bates BT, Osternig LR. Injuries to runners. Am J Sports Med. 1978;6(2):40-50.
1990	Colville MR, Marder RA, Boyle JJ, Zarins B. Strain measurement in lateral ankle ligaments. Am J Sports Med. March 1990;18(2):196-200.
2010	Arnold EM, Ward SR, Lieber RL, Delp SL. A model of the lower limb for analysis of human movement. Ann Biomed Eng. February 2010;38(2):269-279.
1985	Olerud C. The effect of the syndesmotic screw on the extension capacity of the ankle joint. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 1985;104(5):299-302.
2006	Bragonzoni L, Russo A, Girolami M, Albisinni U, Visani A, Mazzotti N, Marcacci M. The distal tibiofibular syndesmosis during passive foot flexion: RSA-based study on intact, ligament injured and screw fixed cadaver specimens. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. July 2006;126(5):304-308.
2001	Takao M, Ochi M, Naito K, Iwata A, Kawasaki K, Tobita M, Miyamoto W, Oae K. Arthroscopic diagnosis of tibiofibular syndesmosis disruption. Arthroscopy. October 2001;17(8):836-843.
2013	O'Sullivan E, Bowyer G, Webb AL. The synovial fold of the distal tibiofibular joint: a morphometric study. Clin Anat. July 2013;26(5):630-637.
1999	Anderson FC, Pandy MG. A dynamic optimization solution for vertical jumping in three dimensions. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Eng. 1999;2(3):201-231.
2000	Neptune RR, Wright IC, van den Bogert AJ. A method for numerical simulation of single limb ground contact events: application to heel-toe running. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Eng. 2000;3(4):321-334.
1989	Needleman RL, Skrade DA, Stiehl JB. Effect of the syndesmotic screw on ankle motion. Foot Ankle. August 1989;10(1):17-24.
1989	Ouzounian TJ, Shereff MJ. In vitro determination of midfoot motion. Foot Ankle. December 1989;10(3):140-146.
1989	Lundberg A, Goldie I, Kalin B, Selvik G. Kinematics of the ankle/foot complex: plantarflexion and dorsiflexion. Foot Ankle Int. February 1989;9(4):194-200.
1989	Lundberg A, Svensson OK, Bylund C, Goldie I, Selvik G. Kinematics of the ankle/foot complex, II: pronation and supination. Foot Ankle Int. April 1989;9(5):248-253.
1989	Lundberg A, Svensson OK, Bylund C, Selvik G. Kinematics of the ankle/foot complex, III: influence of leg rotation. Foot Ankle Int. June 1989;9(6):304-309.
1996	Pereira DS, Koval KJ, Resnick RB, Sheskier SC, Kummer F, Zuckerman JD. Tibiotalar contact area and pressure distribution: the effect of mortise widening and syndesmosis fixation. Foot Ankle Int. May 1996;17(5):269-274.
2000	Stacoff A, Nigg BM, Reinschmidt C, van den Bogert AJ, Lundberg A, Stüssi E, Denoth J. Movement coupling at the ankle during the stance phase of running. Foot Ankle Int. 2000;21(3):232-239.
2000	Leardini A, O'Connor JJ, Catani F, Giannini S. The role of the passive structures in the mobility and stability of the human ankle joint: a literature review. Foot Ankle Int. 2000;21(7):602-615.
2005	Marqueen T, Owen J, Nicandri G, Wayne J, Carr J. Comparison of the syndesmotic staple to the transsyndesmotic screw: a biomechanical study. Foot Ankle Int. March 2005;26(3):224-230.
2003	Anderson FC, Pandy MG. Individual muscle contributions to support in normal walking. Gait Post. April 2003;17(2):159-169.
1990	Delp SL, Loan JP, Hoy MG, Zajac FE, Topp EL, Rosen JM. An interactive graphics-based model of the lower extremity to study orthopaedic surgical procedures. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 1990;37(8):757-767.
2016	Rajagopal A, Dembia CL, DeMers MS, Delp DD, Hicks JL, Delp SL. Full body musculoskeletal model for muscle-driven simulation of human gait. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. October 2016;63(10):2068-2079.
1982	Procter P, Paul P J. Ankle joint biomechanics. J Biomech. 1982;15(9):627-634.
1993	Nigg BM, Cole GK, Nachbauer W. Effects of arch height of the foot on angular motion of the lower extremities in running. J Biomech. August 1993;26(8):909-916.
1994	van den Bogert AJ, Smith GD, Nigg BM. In vivo determination of the anatomical axes of the ankle joint complex: an optimization approach. J Biomech. December 1994;27(12):1477-1488.
1997	Glitsch U, Baumann W. The three-dimensional determination of internal loads in the lower extremity. J Biomech. November–December 1997;30(11-12):1123-1131.
2001	Anderson FC, Pandy MG. Static and dynamic optimization solutions for gait are practically equivalent. J Biomech. February 2001;34(2):153-161.
2005	Reinbolt JA, Schutte JF, Fregly BJ, Koh BI, Haftka RT, George AD, Mitchell KH. Determination of patient-specific multi-joint kinematic models through two-level optimization. J Biomech. March 2005;38(3):621-626.
2007	Jenkyn TR, Nicol AC. A multi-segment kinematic model of the foot with a novel definition of forefoot motion for use in clinical gait analysis during walking. J Biomech. 2007;40(14):3271-3278.
1988	Siegler S, Chen J, Schneck CD. The three-dimensional kinematics and flexibility characteristics of the human ankle and subtalar joints, I: kinematics. J Biomech Eng. November 1988;110(4):364-373.
1998	Parenteau CS, Viano DC, Petit PY. Biomechanical properties of human cadaveric ankle-subtalar joints in quasi-static loading. J Biomech Eng. February 1998;120(1):105-111.
2011	Fassbind MJ, Rohr ES, Hu Y, Haynor DR, Siegler S, Sangeorzan BJ, Ledoux WR. Evaluating foot kinematics using magnetic resonance imaging: from maximum plantar flexion, inversion, and internal rotation to maximum dorsiflexion, eversion, and external rotation. J Biomech Eng. October 2011;133(10):104502.
1983	Johnson EE, Markolf KL. The contribution of the anterior talofibular ligament to ankle laxity. J Bone Joint Surg. January 1983;65A(1):81-88.
1980	McCullough CJ, Burge PD. Rotatory stability of the load-bearing ankle: an experimental study. J Bone Joint Surg. November 1980;62B(4):460-464.
2003	Takao M, Ochi M, Oae K, Naito K, Uchio Y. Diagnosis of a tear of the tibiofibular syndesmosis: the role of arthroscopy of the ankle. J Bone Joint Surg. April 2003;85B(3):324-329.
2011	Dubin JC, Comeau D, McClelland RI, Dubin RA, Ferrel E. Lateral and syndesmotic ankle sprain injuries: a narrative literature review. J Chiropr Med. September 2011;10(3):204-219.
2006	Lin C-F, Gross MT, Weinhold P. Ankle syndesmosis injuries: anatomy, biomechanics, mechanism of injury, and clinical guidelines for diagnosis and intervention. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. June 2006;36(6):372-384.
2005	Weening B, Bhandari M. Predictors of functional outcome following transsyndesmotic screw fixation of ankle fractures. J Orthop Trauma. February 2005;19(2):102-108.
1998	Bahr R, Pena F, Shine J, Lew WD, Engebretsen L. Ligament force and joint motion in the intact ankle: a cadaveric study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 1998;6(2):115-121.
1994	Chan CW, Rudins A. Biomechanics during walking and running. Mayo Clin Proc. 1994;69(5):448-461.
1995	Chu T-M, Reddy NP, Padovan J. Three-dimensional finite element stress analysis of the polypropylene, ankle-foot orthosis: static analysis. Med Eng Phys. 1995;17(5):372-379.
1999	Nigg BM, Nurse MA, Stefanyshyn DJ. Shoe inserts and orthotics for sport and physical activities. Med Sci Sports Exer. July 1999;31(suppl 7):S421-S428.
2001	Stacoff A, Reinschmidt C, Nigg BM, Van Den Bogert AJ, Lundberg A, Denoth J, Stüssi E. Effects of shoe sole construction on skeletal motion during running. Med Sci Sports Exer. February 2001;33(2):311-319.
2016	Ha CWS. A Subject-Specific Computational Model to Investigate an Ankle Inversion Ligamentous Sprain Injury and Evaluate the Intelligent Anti-Sprain System [PhD thesis]. The Chinese University of Hong Kong; October 2016.
2010	Hageman ER. Medial Longitudinal Arch Mechanics Before and After a Prolonged Run [Master's thesis]. Iowa State University; 2010.
2015	Day EM. The Effects of Medial and Lateral Wedges on Iliotibial Band Strain During Overground Running [Master's thesis]. Iowa State University; 2015.
2018	Hegarty AK. Biomechanical Modeling of Gait in Children With Cerebral Palsy [PhD thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2018.
1979	Burdett RG. Biomechanical Model of the Ankle Joint [PhD thesis]. State College, PA: Pennsylvania State University; August 1979.
2008	Lewis GS. Computational Modeling of the Mechanics of Flatfoot Deformity and Its Surgical Corrections [PhD thesis]. State College, PA: Pennsylvania State University; December 2008.
1990	Delp SL. Surgery Simulation: A Computer Graphics System to Analyze and Design Musculoskeletal Reconstructions of the Lower Limb [PhD thesis]. Stanford University; August 1990.
2010	Hicks JL. Biomechanical Guidelines for the Treatment of Crouch Gait in Children With Cerebral Palsy [PhD thesis]. Stanford University; November 2010.
2011	Fox MD. Understanding Biomechanical Causes and Functional Mechanism of Treatment for Stiff-Knee Gait in Cerebral Palsy [PhD thesis]. Stanford University; May 2011.
2012	Arnold EM. Computer Modeling of Human Lower Limb Muscles to Study How Muscle Fiber Lengths and Velocities Affect Muscle Force Generation During Walking and Running [PhD thesis]. Stanford University; July 2012.
2019	Rajagopal A. Simulation and Statistical Tools for Clinical Biomechanics [PhD thesis]. Stanford University; June 2019.
2001	Jenkyn TR. Biomechanics of the Ankle Joint Complex Using a Muscle Model Assisted Optimisation Model [PhD thesis]. Glasgow, University of Strathclyde; February 2001.
1983	Luethi SM. Biomechanical Analysis of Short Term Pain and Injuries in Tennis [PhD thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; June 1983.
1995	Cole GK. Loading of the Joints of the Lower Extremities During the Impact Phase in Running [PhD thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; July 1995.
1997	Lee S. Dynamic Characterization of Relative Forefoot Abduction [Master's thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; November 1997.
1998	Stacoff AP. Skeletal Lower Extremity Motions During Running [PhD thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; August 1998.
1998	Wright IC. A Simulation Study of the Contribution of Several Factors to Ankle Sprain Susceptibility [PhD thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; December 1998.
2002	Mündermann A. Posting Versus Custom-Molding of Foot Orthotics: Effects on Biomechanical Variables and Comfort [PhD thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; December 2002.
2003	Nurse MA. Effects of Cutaneous Afferent Feedback from the Feet on Human Gait Patterns [PhD thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; January 2003.
2005	Valderrabano V. Ankle Osteoarthritis: Biomechanical and Orthopaedic Aspects [PhD thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; December 2005.
2006	Monteleone BJ. Effects of Functional Ankle Instability on Ankle Joint Complex Dynamics and Motor Control [PhD thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; August 2006.
2008	Cowder JD. Testing and Application of a Novel Hybrid Combination of Ultrasound and Motion Analysis for Estimation of Achilles Tendon Moment Arms in Vivo [Master's thesis]. University of Delaware; Spring 2008.
2006	Reinbolt JA. Patient-Specific Dynamic Modeling to Predict Functional Outcomes [PhD thesis]. University of Florida; May 2006.
1998	Bottlang M. Analysis of Constraints and Requirements for the Applicability of Articulated External Fixation [PhD thesis]. University of Iowa; December 1998.
1999	Anderson FC III. A Dynamic Optimization Solution for a Complete Cycle of Normal Gait [PhD thesis]. University of Texas at Austin; December 1999.
2017	Schlotman TE. Dynamic Simulation and Analysis of Gait Modification for Treating Knee Osteoarthritis [PhD thesis]. Knoxville, University of Tennessee; May 2017.
1998	Hall GW. Biomechanical Characterization and Multibody Modeling of the Human Lower Extremity [PhD thesis]. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia; May 1998.
2000	Funk JR. The Effect of Active Muscle Tension on the Axial Impact Tolerance of the Human Foot/ankle Complex [PhD thesis]. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia; August 2000.
2005	Rudd RW. Injury Tolerance of the Human Ankle in Impact-Induced Dorsiflexion [PhD thesis]. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia; January 2005.
2008	Kerrigan JR. A Computationally Efficient Mathematical Model of the Pedestrian Lower Extremity [PhD thesis]. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia; January 2008.
2016	Bailey AM. Injury Assessment for the Human Leg Exposed to Axial Impact Loading [PhD thesis]. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia; September 2016.
2012	Schmitz A. The Importance of Including Knee Joint Laxity in Dynamic Musculoskeletal Simulations of Movement [PhD thesis]. University of Wisconsin – Madison; 2012.