Anthropomorphic test devices

Mertz, Harold J.

Year	Entry
2003	The Side Airbag Out-of-Position Injury Technical Working Group. Recommended Procedures for Evaluating Occupant Injury Risk from Deploying Side Airbags. July 2003.
1999	Eppinger R, Sun E, Bandak F, Haffner M, Khaewpong N, Maltese M, Kuppa S, Nguyen T, Takhounts E, Tannous R, Zhang A, Saul R. Development of Improved Injury Criteria for the Assessment of Advanced Automotive Restraint Systems - II. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA); November 1999.
2004	Haug E, Choi H-Y, Robin S, Beaugonin M. Human models for crash and impact simulation. In: Ayache N, ed. Computational Models for the Human Body. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier B.V; 2004:231-452. Ciarlet PG, ed. Handbook of Numerical Analysis; vol 12.
2004	McEntire BJ, Alem N, Brozoski FT. Parachutist neck injury risk associated with head-borne mass. US Army Med Dept J. April–June 2004:30-34.
2000	Weber K. Crash protection for child passengers: a review of best practice. UMTRI Res Rev. July–September 2000;31(3):1-27.
2002	Weber K. Child passenger protection. In: Nahum AM, Melvin JW, eds. Accidental Injury: Biomechanics and Prevention. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag; 2002:523-549.
2015	Mertz HJ, Irwin AL. Anthropomorphic test devices and injury risk assessments. In: Yoganandan N, Nahum AM, Melvin JW, eds. Accidental Injury: Biomechanics and Prevention. 3rd ed. New York: Springer; 2015:83-112.
2015	Salzar RS, Lievers WB, Bailey AM, Crandall JR. Leg, foot, and ankle injury biomechanics. In: Yoganandan N, Nahum AM, Melvin JW, eds. Accidental Injury: Biomechanics and Prevention. 3rd ed. New York: Springer; 2015:499-547.
2015	Prasad P. Injury criteria and motor vehicle regulations. In: Yoganandan N, Nahum AM, Melvin JW, eds. Accidental Injury: Biomechanics and Prevention. 3rd ed. New York: Springer; 2015:793-809.
1997	Crandall JR, Duma SM, Bass CR, Pilkey WD, Kuppa SM, Khaewpong N, Eppinger R. Thoracic response and trauma of out-of-position drivers resulting from air bag deployment. In: 41st Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). November 10-11, 1997; Orlando, FL.387-404.
1994	O’Neill B, Lund AK, Zuby DS, Preuss CA. Offset frontal impacts: a comparison of real-world crashes with laboratory tests. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 23-26, 1994; Munich, Germany.649-670.
1994	Hultman RW, Henson SE. AAMA side impact protection research: past, present and future. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 23-26, 1994; Munich, Germany.1097-1111.
1994	Lowne RW; EEVC Working Group 11 Transport Research Laboratory, United Kingdom. EEVC working group 11 report on the development of a front impact test procedure. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 23-26, 1994; Munich, Germany.1334-1351.
1998	Park BT, Morgan RM, Hackney JR, Lowrie JC. The effect of redesigned airbags on frontal USA NCAP. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 31–June 4, 1998; Windsor, Ontario, Canada.2386-2399.
1998	Duma SM, Crandall JR, Pilkey WD, Seki K, Aoki T. 5th % female dummy upper extremity interaction with a deploying side air bag. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 31–June 4, 1998; Windsor, Ontario, Canada.1135-1142.
1998	Dalmotas DJ. Assessments of air bag performance based on the 5th percentile female Hybrid III crash test dummy. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 31–June 4, 1998; Windsor, Ontario, Canada.1019-1035.
1998	Bendjellal F, Walfisch G, Steyer C, Forêt Bruno J-Y, Trosseille X. The combination of a new air bag technology with a belt load limiter. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 31–June 4, 1998; Windsor, Ontario, Canada.1092-1102.
1998	Trosseille X, Bendjellal F, Walfisch G, Forêt-Bruno J-Y, Le Coz J-Y, Berthevas F, Potier P, Lassau J-P. Evaluation of secondary risk with a new programed restraining system (PRS2). In: Proceedings of the 16th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 31–June 4, 1998; Windsor, Ontario, Canada.1143-1146.
1998	Welbourne ER, Shewchenko N. Improved measures of foot and ankle injury risk from the Hybrid III tibia. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 31–June 4, 1998; Windsor, Ontario, Canada.1618-1627.
2001	Yang J, Mellander H, Lövsund P, Håland Y, Svanberg H. A methodology using a combined injury criteria index to study the performance of various driver restraint system configurations. In: Proceedings of the 17th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 4-7, 2001; Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
2001	Barbat S, Li X, Prasad P. Evaluation of vehicle compatibility in various frontal impact configurations. In: Proceedings of the 17th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 4-7, 2001; Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
2001	Barbat S, Li X, Prasad P. A comparative analysis of vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-rigid fixed barrier frontal impacts. In: Proceedings of the 17th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 4-7, 2001; Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
2001	Kuppa S, Haffner M, Eppinger R, Saunders J. Lower extremity response and trauma assessment using the Thor-Lx/HIIIr and the Denton leg in frontal offset vehicle crashes. In: Proceedings of the 17th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 4-7, 2001; Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
2001	Kuppa S, Wang J, Haffner M, Eppinger R. Lower extremity injuries and associated injury criteria. In: Proceedings of the 17th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 4-7, 2001; Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
2003	Rudd R, Shaw G, Crandall J. Fifth percentile female Hybrid III and Thor-FLx performance in sled tests with toepan intrusion. In: Proceedings of the 18th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 19-22, 2003; Nagoya, Japan.
2005	Lawrence GJL. The next steps for pedestrian protection test methods. In: Proceedings of the 19th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 6-9, 2005; Washington, DC.
2007	Kemper A, McNally C, Kennedy E, Manoogian S, Duma S. The material properties of human tibia cortical bone in tension and compression: implacations for the tibia index. In: Proceedings of the 20th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 18-21, 2007; Lyon, France.
2002	Meijer R, Philippens M, van Hoof J. Side impact neck injury criteria and tolerances in aerospace safety. In: Proceedings of the 30th International Workshop on Human Subjects for Biomechanical Research. November 2002; Ponte Vedra Beach, FL.31-45.
2003	Bartsch AJ, Litsky AS, Herriott RG, McFadden JD. Posterior cruciate ligament response to proximal tibia impacts. In: Proceedings of the 31st International Workshop on Human Subjects for Biomechanical Research. October 23, 2003; San Diego, CA.11-22.
2009	Gayzik FS, Moreno DP, Stitzel JD. The development of CAD data for full body finite element models: a multi-modality approach. In: Proceedings of the 37th International Workshop on Human Subjects for Biomechanical Research. 2009.
1995	Kuppa SM, Sieveka EM. Dynamic motion of the floor pan and axial loading through the feet in frontal crash tests. In: Proceedings of the 1995 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 13-15, 1995; Brunnen, Switzerland.389-402.
1995	Schueler F, Mattern R, Zeidler F, Scheunert D. Injuries of the lower legs - foot, ankle joint, tibia; mechanisms, tolerance limits, injury-criteria evaluation of a recent biomechanic experiment-series (impact-tests with a pneumatic-biomechanic-impactor). In: Proceedings of the 1995 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 13-15, 1995; Brunnen, Switzerland.33-45.
1997	Klopp GS, Crandall JR, Hall GW, Pilkey WD, Hurwitz SR, Kuppa SM. Mechanisms of injury and injury criteria for the human foot and ankle in dynamic axial impacts to the foot. In: Proceedings of the 1997 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 24-26, 1997; Hannover, Germany.73-86.
1997	Morris AP, Hassan AM, Mackay M. Chest injuries in real-world side impact crashes: an overview. In: Proceedings of the 1997 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 24-26, 1997; Hannover, Germany.165-178.
1997	Schreiber P, Crandall J, Micek T, Hurwitz S, Nusholtz GS. Static and dynamic bending strength of the leg. In: Proceedings of the 1997 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 24-26, 1997; Hannover, Germany.99-113.
1998	Hall GW, Crandall JR, Pilkey WD, Thunnissen JG. Development of a dynamic multibody model to analyze human lower extremity impact response and injury. In: Proceedings of the 1998 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 16-18, 1998; Göteberg, Sweden.117-134.
1998	Malczyk A, Franke D, Adomeit H-D. A study on the benefits of dual-stage inflators under out-of-position conditions. In: Proceedings of the 1998 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 16-18, 1998; Göteberg, Sweden.465-476.
1999	Prasad P. Biomechanical basis for injury criteria used in crashworthiness regulations. In: Proceedings of the 1999 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 23-24, 1999; Sitges, Spain.1-14.
2000	Funk JR, Tourret LJ, Crandall JR. Experimentally produced tibial plateau fractures. In: Proceedings of the 2000 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 20-22, 2000; Montpellier, France.171-182.
2001	Fildes B, Digges K, Les M, Tingvall C. Benefits of a 64km/h offset crash test in Australia. In: Proceedings of the 2001 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. October 10-12, 2001; Isle of Man, UK.
2003	Funk JR, Rudd RW, Kerrigan JR, Crandall JR. Analysis of tibial curvature, fibular loading, and the tibia index. In: Proceedings of the 2003 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 25, 2003; Lisbon, Portugal.135-147.
2006	Geurts J, van der Horst M, Leerdam P-J, Bir C, van Dommelen H, Wismans J. Occupant safety: mine detonation under vehicles a numerical lower leg injury assessment. In: Proceedings of the 2006 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 20-22, 2006; Madrid, Spain.373-376.
2013	Gabler LF, Stone JR, Mourad PD, Crandall JR, Salzar RS. Region specific viscoelastic properties of the adult rat brain under indentation following traumatic brain injury. In: Proceedings of the 2013 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 11-13, 2013; Gothenburg, Sweden.470-482.
2012	Wu J, Cao L, Reed MP, Hu J. Improving spine biofidelity of Hybrid-III 6-year-old ATD. In: Proceedings of the 8th Ohio State University Injury Biomechanics Symposium. May 13-15, 2012; Columbus, OH.
1995	Melvin JW. Injury assessment reference values for the CRABI 6-month infant dummy in a rear-facing infant restraint with airbag deployment. In: Proceedings of the SAE International Congress & Exposition. February 27–March 2, 1995; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers. SAE 950872.
2002	Funk JR, Rudd RW, Srinivasan SCM, King RJ, Crandall JR, Petit PY. Methodology for measuring tibial and fibular loads in a cadaver. In: Proceedings of the SAE World Congress & Exhibition. 2002; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers. SAE 2002-01-0682.
1995	Viano D, Fan A, Ueno K, Walilko T, Cavanaugh J, King A. Biofidelity and injury assessment in Eurosid I and Biosid. In: Proceedings of the 39th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 8-10, 1995; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:307-325. SAE 952731.
1998	Melvin JW, Baron KJ, Little WC, Gideon TW, Pierce J. Biomechanical analysis of Indy race car crashes. In: Proceedings of the 42nd Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 2-4, 1998; Tempa, AZ. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:247-266. SAE 983161.
1998	Rouhana SW, Webb SR, Dunn VC. Investigation into the noise associated with airbag deployment, II: injury risk study using a mathematical model of the human ear. In: Proceedings of the 42nd Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 2-4, 1998; Tempa, AZ. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:267-. SAE 983162.
1998	Park BT, Morgan RM, Hackney JR, Partyka S, Kleinberger M, Sun E, Smith HE, Lowrie JC. Upper neck response of the belt and air bag restrained 50th percentile Hybrid III dummy in the USA’s new car assessment program. In: Proceedings of the 42nd Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 2-4, 1998; Tempa, AZ. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:301-. SAE 983164.
1999	Chung J, Cavanaugh JM, King AI, Koh S-W, Deng Y-C. Thoracic injury mechanisms and biomechanical responses in lateral velocity pulse impacts. In: Proceedings of the 43rd Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 25-27, 1999; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:39-54. SAE 99SC04.
1999	Banglmaier RF, Dvoracek-Driksna D, Oniang'o TE, Haut RC. Axial compressive load response of the 90° flexed human tibiofemoral joint. In: Proceedings of the 43rd Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 25-27, 1999; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:127-139. SAE 99SC08.
2001	Jayaraman VM, Sevensma ET, Kitagawa M, Haut RC. Effects of anterior-posterior constraint on injury patterns in the human knee during tibial-femoral joint loading from axial forces through the tibia. Stapp Car Crash J. 2001;45:449-468. SAE 2001-22-0021.
2003	Mertz HJ, Irwin AL, Prasad P. Biomechanical and scaling bases for frontal and side impact injury assessment reference values. Stapp Car Crash J. 2003;47:155-188. SAE 2003-22-0009.
2004	Balasubramanian S, Beillas P, Belwadi A, Hardy WN, Yang KH, King AI, Masuda M. Below knee impact responses using cadaveric specimens. Stapp Car Crash J. 2004;48:71-88. SAE 2004-22-0004.
2006	Laituri TR, Henry S, Sullivan K, Prasad P. Derivation and theoretical assessment of a set of biomechanics-based, AIS2+ risk equations for the knee-thigh-hip complex. Stapp Car Crash J. 2006;50:97-130. SAE 2006-22-0005.
2011	Mueller BC, Sherwood CP, Arbelaez RA, Zuby DS, Nolan JM. Comparison of Hybrid III and THOR dummies in paired small overlap tests. Stapp Car Crash J. 2011;55:379-409.
2002	Mock C, Grossman D, Kaufman R, Mack C, Rivara F. The relationship between body weight and risk of death and serious injury in motor vehicle crashes. Accid Anal Prev. March 2002;34(2):221-228.
2011	Gayzik FS, Moreno DP, Geer CP, Wuertzer SD, Martin RS, Stitzel JD. Development of a full body CAD dataset for computational modeling: a multi-modality approach. Ann Biomed Eng. October 2011;39(10):2568-2583.
2017	Chakravarty AB, Martinez AA, Quenneville CE. The injury tolerance of the tibia under off-axis impact loading. Ann Biomed Eng. June 2017;45(6):1534-1542.
2008	Untaroiu CD, Ivarsson J, Genovese DR, Bose D, Crandall JR. Biomechanical injury response of leg subjected to combined axial compressive and bending loading. Biomed Sci Instrum. 2008;44:141-146.
2011	Crandall JR, Bose D, Forman J, Untaroiu CD, Arregui‐Dalmases C, Shaw CG, Kerrigan JR. Human surrogates for injury biomechanics research. Clin Anat. 2011;24(3):362-371.
2008	Ivarsson BJ, Manaswi A, Genovese D, Crandall JR, Hurwitz SR, Burke C, Fakhry S. Site, type, and local mechanism of tibial shaft fracture in drivers in frontal automobile crashes. Forensic Sci Int. 2008;175(2-3):186-192.
1998	Crandall JR, Kuppa SM, Klopp GS, Hall GW, Pilkey WD, Hurwitz SR. Injury mechanisms and criteria for the human foot and ankle under axial impacts to the foot. Int J Crashworthiness. 1998;3(2):147-162.
2003	Höglund N, Viano DC, Lövsund P. Mathematical modelling of lower leg responses in offset crashes. Int J Crashworthiness. 2003;8(3):285-295.
2007	Funk JR, Rudd RW, Kerrigan JR, Crandall JR. The line of action in the tibia during axial compression of the leg. J Biomech. 2007;40(10):2277-2282.
2017	Quenneville CE, Fournier E, Shewchenko N. The effect of anthropomorphic test device lower leg surrogate selection on impact mitigating system evaluation in low- and high-rate loading conditions. Mil Med. September–October 2017;182(9-10):e1981-e1986.
1999	Crandall JR, Duma SM, Bass CR, Pilkey WD, Kuppa SM, Khaewpong N, Eppinger R. Thoracic response and trauma in air bag deployment tests with out-of-position small female surrogates. J Crash Prev Injury Control. 1999;1(2):101-112.
2001	Viano DC, Hardy WN, King AI. Response of the head, neck and torso to pendulum impacts on the back. J Crash Prev Injury Control. 2001;2(4):289-306.
2004	Funk JR, Rudd RW, Kerrigan JR, Crandall JR. The effect of tibial curvature and fibular loading on the tibia index. Traffic Inj Prev. June 2004;5(2):164-172.
2016	Van Tuyl J, Burkhart TA, Quenneville CE. Effect of posture on forces and moments measured in a Hybrid III ATD lower leg. Traffic Inj Prev. May 18, 2016;17(4):381-385.
2011	Loyd AM. Studies of the Human Head from Neonate to Adult: An Inertial, Geometrical and Structural Analysis With Comparisons to the ATD Head [PhD thesis]. Duke University; 2011.
2016	Chakravarty AB. The Effects of Off-Axis Loading on Fracture Risk in the Human Tibia [Master's thesis]. Hamilton, ON: McMaster University; September 2016.
2016	Martinez AA. The Effect of Load Rate on the Axial Fracture Tolerance of the Isolated Tibia During Automotive and Military Impacts [Master's thesis]. Hamilton, ON: McMaster University; 2016.
2020	Steinmann N. Development of a Modified Anthropomorphic Test Device for the Quantification of Behind Shield Blunt Impacts [Master's thesis]. Hamilton, ON: McMaster University; August 2020.
2004	Meyer EG. Biomechanical Response of Tissues to Various Blunt Impact Orientations on the Knee [Master's thesis]. University of Michigan; 2004.
2011	Bing JA. Pediatric Lower Extremities: Potential Risks and Testing Concepts [Master's thesis]. The Ohio State University; 2011.
1996	de Jager MKJ. Mathematical Head-Neck Models for Acceleration Impacts [PhD thesis]. Eindhoven, The Netherlands: Eindhoven University of Technology; 1996.
2002	van der Horst MJ. Human Head Neck Response in Frontal, Lateral and Rear End Impact Loading: Modelling and Validation [PhD thesis]. Eindhoven, The Netherlans: Technische Universiteit Eindhoven; 2002.
2022	Wynn GF. Repeatability of a Novel Prototype Surrogate Neck Model Developed for Omni-Directional Head Impacts [Master's thesis]. Edmonton, AB: University of Alberta; 2022.
2007	Good CA. Biomechanics of Occupant Loading by Pre-Crash Motorized Shoulder Belt Tensioning [PhD thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; 2007.
2006	Gibson T. Development and Validation of a C5/C6 Motion Segment Model [PhD thesis]. University of New South Wales; January 4, 2006.
2000	Duma SM. Injury Criteria for the Small Female Upper Extremity [PhD thesis]. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia; August 2000.
2000	Funk JR. The Effect of Active Muscle Tension on the Axial Impact Tolerance of the Human Foot/ankle Complex [PhD thesis]. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia; August 2000.
2015	Ye X. Driver Lower Extremity Response and Injury With Knee Airbag Deployment [Master's thesis]. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia; August 2015.
2016	Bailey AM. Injury Assessment for the Human Leg Exposed to Axial Impact Loading [PhD thesis]. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia; September 2016.
2018	Albert DL. Biomechanical Responses of Human Surrogates Under Various Frontal Loading Conditions With an Emphasis on Thoracic Response and Injury Tolerance [PhD thesis]. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; April 19, 2018.
1995	Wang H-CK. Development of a Side Impact Finite Element Human Thoracic Model [PhD thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; 1995.
2000	Bir CA. The Evaluation of Blunt Ballistic Impacts of the Thorax [PhD thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; 2000.
2002	Lee JB. Development of a Finite Element Model of the Human Abdomen [PhD thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; 2002.
2005	Barbir A. Validation of Lower Limb Surrogates as Injury Assessment Tools in Floor Impacts Due to Anti-Vehicular Landmine Explosions [Master's thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; December 2005.
2006	Balasubramanian S. Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) Injury and Repair: A Biomechanical Evaluation of the Human Knee Joint Under Dynamic Posterior Loading; Kinematics and Contact Pressure Measurements in Normal, PCL Deficient and PCL Reconstructed Knees [PhD thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; 2006.
2008	Raymond DE. Biomechanics of Blunt Ballistic Temporo-Parietal Head Impact [PhD thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; August 2008.
2009	Quenneville CE. Experimental and Numerical Assessments of Injury Criteria for Short-Duration, High-Force Impact Loading of the Tibia [PhD thesis]. University of Western Ontario; December 2009.