Child passenger protection

Weber, Kathleen

Year	Entry
1969	Burdi AR, Huelke DF, Snyder RG, Lowrey GH. Infants and children in the adult world of automobile safety design: pediatric and anatomical considerations for design of child restraints. J Biomech. July 1969;2(3):267-280.
1993	Turbell T, Lowne R, Lundell B, Tingvall C. ISOFIX: a new concept of installing child restraints in cars. 1993. SAE 933085.
1997	Decina LE, Knoebel KY. Child safety seat misuse patterns in four states. Accid Anal Prev. 1997;29(1):125-132.
1989	Karlbrink L, Krafft M, Tingvall C. Integrated child restraints in cars for children aged 0–10. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). May 29–June 1, 1989; Göteborg, Sweden.73-75.
1989	Fuchs S, Barthel MJ, Flannery AM, Christoffel KK. Cervical spine fractures sustained by young children in forward-facing car seats. Pediatrics. August 1989;84(2):348-354.
1993	Weber K, Dalmotas D, Hendrick B. Investigation of dummy response and restraint configuration factors associated with upper spinal cord injury in a forward-facing child restraint. In: Proceedings of the Child Occupant Protection Symposium. November 7, 1993; San Antonio, TX. SAE 933101.
1993	Mertz HJ. Anthropomorphic test devices. In: Nahum AM, Melvin JW, eds. Accidental Injury: Biomechanics and Prevention. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag; 1993:66-84.
1996	Henderson M, Brown J, Griffiths M. Adult seat belts: how safe are they for children? In: Proceedings of the 15th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 13-16, 1996; Melbourne, Australia.1076-1093.
1994	Henderson M, Brown J, Paine M. Injuries to restrained children. In: 38th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). September 21-23, 1994; Lyon, France.75-87.
1994	Johnston C, Rivara FP, Soderberg R. Children in car crashes: analysis of data for injury and use of restraints. Pediatrics. June 1994;93(6):960-965.
1995	Myers BS, Winkelstein BA. Epidemiology, classification, mechanism, and tolerance of human cervical spine injuries. Crit Rev Biomed Eng. 1995;23(5-6):307-409.
1995	Khaewpong N, Nguyen TT, Bents FD, Eichelberger MR, Gotschall CS, Morrissey R. Injury severity in restrained children in motor vehicle crashes. In: Proceedings of the 39th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 8-10, 1995; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:403-423. SAE 952711.
1997	Lowne R, Roy P, Paton I. A comparison of the performance of dedicated child restraint attachment systems (ISOFIX). In: Proceedings of the 2nd Child Occupant Protection Symposium. November 12, 1997; Orlando, FL.71-85. SAE 973302.
1991	Kamrén B, Kullgren A, Lie A, Sköld B-Å, Tingvall C. Side protection and child restraints: accident data and laboratory test including new test methods. In: Proceedings of the 13th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). November 4-7, 1991; Paris, France.341-345.
1995	Chipman ML, Li J, Hu X. The effectiveness of safety belts in preventing fatalities and major injuries among school-aged children. In: 39th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 16-18, 1995; Chicago, IL.133-145.
1994	Lane JC. The seat belt syndrome in children. Accid Anal Prev. 1994;26(6):813-820.
1986	Evans L. The effectiveness of safety belts in preventing fatalities. Accid Anal Prev. June 1986;18(3):229-241.
1997	Braver ER, Ferguson SA, Greene MA, Lund AK. Reductions in deaths in frontal crashes among right front passengers in vehicles equipped with passenger air bags. JAMA. November 5, 1997;278(17):1437-1439.
1986	Kahane CJ. An Evaluation of Child Passenger Safety: The Effectiveness and Benefits of Safety Seats. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA); February 1986. NHTSA Technical Report DOT HS 806 890.
1980	Melvin JW, Weber K, Lux P. Performance of child restraints in serious crashes. In: 24th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 7-9, 1980; Rochester, NY.117-131.
1997	Agran PF, Anderson CL, Winn DG. Restraint use among children in fatal crashes. In: Proceedings of the 2nd Child Occupant Protection Symposium. November 12, 1997; Orlando, FL.55-59. SAE 973300.
1987	States JD, Huelke DF, Dance M, Green RN. Fatal injuries caused by underarm use of shoulder belts. J Trauma. July 1987;27(7):740-745.
1987	Tingvall C. Children in cars: some aspects of the safety of children as car passengers in road traffic accidents. Acta Paediatr Scand. October 1987;76(suppl 339):1-35.
1997	Lumley MA. Child restraint tether straps: a simple method of increasing safety for children. In: Proceedings of the 2nd Child Occupant Protection Symposium. November 12, 1997; Orlando, FL.123-135. SAE 973305.
1992	Reed MP, Schneider LW, Burney RE. Investigation of airbag-induced skin abrasions. In: Proceedings of the 36th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 2-4, 1992; Seattle, WA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:1-12. SAE 922510.
1993	Stalnaker RL. Spinal cord injuries to children in real world accidents. In: Proceedings of the Child Occupant Protection Symposium. November 7, 1993; San Antonio, TX.173-183. SAE 933100.
1983	Weber K, Melvin JW. Injury potential with misused child restraining systems. In: Proceedings of the 27th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 17-19, 1983; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:53-59. SAE 831604.
1998	Paton IP, Roy AP, Lowne R. Development of a sled side impact test for child restraint systems. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 31–June 4, 1998; Windsor, Ontario, Canada.2179-2184.
1995	Brown J, Kelly P, Griffiths M, Tong S, Pak R, Gibson T. The performance of tethered and untethered forward facing child restraints. In: Proceedings of the 1995 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 13-15, 1995; Brunnen, Switzerland.61-74.
1997	Brown J, Kelly P, Griffiths M. A comparison of alternative anchorage systems for child restraints in side impacts. In: Proceedings of the 2nd Child Occupant Protection Symposium. November 12, 1997; Orlando, FL.87-92. SAE 973303.
1997	Braver ER, Whitfield R, Ferguson SA. Risk of death among child passengers in front and rear seating positions. In: Proceedings of the 2nd Child Occupant Protection Symposium. November 12, 1997; Orlando, FL.25-34. SAE 973298.
1989	Weber K. Comparison of car-bed and rear-facing infant restraint systems. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). May 29–June 1, 1989; Göteborg, Sweden.61-66.
1998	Duma SM, Crandall JR, Pilkey WD, Seki K, Aoki T. Dynamic response of the Hybrid III 3 year old dummy head and neck during side air bag loading. In: 42nd Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 5-7, 1998; Charlottesville, VA.193-208.
1995	Kelly P, Brown J, Griffiths M. Child restraint performance in side impacts with and without top tethers and with and without rigid attachment (CANFIX). In: Proceedings of the 1995 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 13-15, 1995; Brunnen, Switzerland.75-90.
1997	Isaksson-Hellman I, Jakobsson L, Gustafsson C, Norin H. Trends and effects of child restraint systems based on Volvo's Swedish accident database. In: Proceedings of the 2nd Child Occupant Protection Symposium. November 12, 1997; Orlando, FL.43-54. SAE 973299.
1997	Edwards J, Sullivan K. Where are all the children seated and when are they restrained? In: Proceedings of the 2nd Child Occupant Protection Symposium. November 12, 1997; Orlando, FL.35-42. SAE 971550.
1997	Whitman GR, Brown KA, Cantor A, D'Aulerio LA, Eisentraut DK, Markushewski ML. Booster-with-shield child restraint case studies. In: Proceedings of the 2nd Child Occupant Protection Symposium. November 12, 1997; Orlando, FL.149-157. SAE 973307.
1998	Gotschall CS, Better AI, Bulas D, Eichelberger MR, Bents F, Warner M. Injuries to children restrained in 2- and 3- point belts. In: 42nd Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 5-7, 1998; Charlottesville, VA.29-43.
1995	Melvin JW. Injury assessment reference values for the CRABI 6-month infant dummy in a rear-facing infant restraint with airbag deployment. In: Proceedings of the SAE International Congress & Exposition. February 27–March 2, 1995; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers. SAE 950872.
1996	Chamouard F, Tarrière C, Baudrit P. Protection of children on board vehicles: influence of pelvis design and thigh and abdomen stiffness on the submarining risk for dummies installed on a booster. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 13-16, 1996; Melbourne, Australia.1063-1075.
1997	Legault F, Gardner B, Vincent A. The effect of top tether strap configurations on child restraint performance. In: Proceedings of the 2nd Child Occupant Protection Symposium. November 12, 1997; Orlando, FL.93-122. SAE 973304.
1993	Hoy GA, Cole WG. The paediatric cervical seat belt syndrome. Injury. May 1993;24(5):297-299.
1992	Huelke DF, Mackay GM, Morris A, Bradford M. Car crashes and non-head impact cervical spine injuries in infants and children. In: Proceedings of the SAE International Congress & Exposition. 1992; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers. SAE 920562.
1994	Meissner U, Stephens G, Alfredson L. Children in restraints. In: 38th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). September 21-23, 1994; Lyon, France.93-106.
1997	Pedder J, Gane J, Pasco D, Deibert M, Lumley M. Usability trials of alternative child restraint attachment systems. In: Proceedings of the 2nd Child Occupant Protection Symposium. November 12, 1997; Orlando, FL.61-69. SAE 973301.
1997	Langwieder K, Hell W, Lowne R. Development of a sled-based impact test for child restraints in side collisions. In: Proceedings of the 2nd Child Occupant Protection Symposium. November 12, 1997; Orlando, FL.207-216. SAE 973313.
1991	Rutledge R, Thomason M, Oller D, Meredith W, Moylan J, Clancy T, Cunningham P, Baker C. The spectrum of abdominal injuries associated with the use of seat belts. J Trauma. June 1991;31(6):820-826.
1994	Lowne RW, Turbell T; UNIFIX Task Force. The development of a unified child restraint to car attachment system: a contribution to the ISOFix discussions. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 23-26, 1994; Munich, Germany.1598-1605.
1987	Agran PF, Winn D. Traumatic injuries among children using lap belts and lap/shoulder belts in motor vehicle collisions. In: 31st Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). September 28-30, 1987; New Orleans, LA.283-296.
1989	Partyka SC. Lives saved by child safety seats from 1982 through 1987. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). May 29–June 1, 1989; Göteborg, Sweden.50-55.
1996	Langwieder K, Hell W, Lowne R, Huijskens CG. Side impact to children in cars: experience from international accident analysis and safety tests. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 13-16, 1996; Melbourne, Australia.1046-1062.
1997	Slavik DH. Cervical distraction injuries to children. In: Proceedings of the 2nd Child Occupant Protection Symposium. November 12, 1997; Orlando, FL.137-145. SAE 973306.

Year	Entry
1993	Weber K, Dalmotas D, Hendrick B. Investigation of dummy response and restraint configuration factors associated with upper spinal cord injury in a forward-facing child restraint. In: Proceedings of the Child Occupant Protection Symposium. November 7, 1993; San Antonio, TX. SAE 933101.
2002	Arbogast KB, Morris SD, Durbin DR, Winston FK. The influence of harness type on child restraint system misuse. In: 46th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). September 30–October 2, 2002; Tempe, AZ.
2002	Arbogast KB, Cornejo RA, Kallan MJ, Winston FK, Durbin DR. Injuries to children in forward facing child restraints. In: 46th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). September 30–October 2, 2002; Tempe, AZ.
2004	Sherwood CP, Abdelilah Y, Crandall JR, Stevens SL, Saggese JM, Eichelberger MR. The performance of various rear facing child restraint systems in a frontal crash. In: 48th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). September 13-15, 2004; Key Biscayne, FL.303-321.
2005	Sherwood CP, Gopalan S, Abdelilah Y, Marshall RJ, Crandall JR. Vehicle interior interactions and kinematics of rear facing child restraints in frontal crashes. In: 49th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). September 12-14, 2005; Boston, MA.215-228.
2006	Manary MA, Reed MP, Klinich KD, Ritchie NL, Schneider LW. The effects of tethering rear–facing child restraint systems on ATD responses. In: 50th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 16-18, 2006; Chicago, IL.397-410.
2005	Arbogast KB, Mong DA, Marigowda S, Kent RW, Stacey S, Mattice J, Tanji H, Higuchi K, Rouhana SW. Evaluating pediatric abdominal injuries. In: Proceedings of the 19th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 6-9, 2005; Washington, DC.
2009	Seacrist T, Maltese MR, Balasubramanian S, Garcia-Espana JF, Arbogast KB, Sterner R, Saffioti J, Kadlowec J. Comparison of passive cervical spine flexion in children and adults. In: Proceedings of the 21st International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 15-18, 2009; Stuttgart, Germany.
2005	Abdelilah Y, Sherwood C, Marshall R, Crandall J. Response of the Hybrid III 3 year old and CRABI 12 month old dummies in FFCRS and RFCRS in simulated frontal impacts. In: Proceedings of the 1st Ohio State University Injury Biomechanics Symposium. May 19-21, 2005; Columbus, OH.
2004	Arbogast KB, Chen I, Nance ML, Durbin DR, Winston FK. Predictors of pediatric abdominal injury risk. Stapp Car Crash J. 2004;48:479-494. SAE 2004-22-0021.
2009	Arbogast KB, Balasubramanian S, Seacrist T, Maltese MR, García-España JF, Hopely T, Constans E, Lopez-Valdes FJ, Kent RW, Tanji H, Higuchi K. Comparison of kinematic responses of the head and spine for children and adults in low-speed frontal sled tests. Stapp Car Crash J. 2009;53:329-372. SAE 2009-22-0012.
2013	Parenteau CS, Ehrlich P, Ma L, Su GL, Holcombe S, Wang SC. The quantification of liver anatomical changes and assessment of occupant liver injury patterns. Stapp Car Crash J. November 2013;57:267-283.
2013	Rouhana SW, Sundararajan S, Board D, Prasad P, Rupp JD, Miller CS, Jeffreys TA, Schneider LW. Biomechanical considerations for assessing interactions of children and small occupants with inflatable seat belts. Stapp Car Crash J. November 2013;57:89-137.
2004	Arbogast KB, Durbin DR, Cornejo RA, Kallan MJ, Winston FK. An evaluation of the effectiveness of forward facing child restraint systems. Accid Anal Prev. 2004;36(4):585-589.
2012	Seacrist T, Arbogast KB, Maltese MR, García-Espaňa JF, Lopez-Valdes FJ, Kent RW, Tanji H, Higuchi K, Balasubramanian S. Kinetics of the cervical spine in pediatric and adult volunteers during low speed frontal impacts. J Biomech. January 3, 2012;45(1):99-106.
2007	Arbogast KB, Kent RW, Menon RA, Ghati Y, Durbin DR, Rouhana SW. Mechanisms of abdominal organ injury in seat belt-restrained children. J Trauma. 2007;62(6):1473-1480.
2002	American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Injury and Poison Prevention. Selecting and using the most appropriate car safety seats for growing children: guidelines for counseling parents. Pediatrics. March 2002;109(3):550-553.
2004	Winston FK, Chen IG, Elliott MR, Arbogast KB, Durbin DR. Recent trends in child restraint practices in the United States. Pediatrics. 2004;113(5):e458-e464.
2008	Kapoor T. Methods to Mitigate Injuries to Toddlers in a Vehicle Crash [PhD thesis]. University of Windsor; 2008.