Development of a Modified Anthropomorphic Test Device for the Quantification of Behind Shield Blunt Impacts

Ballistic shields are used by defense teams in dangerous situations as protection against threats such as gunfire. When a ballistic shield is struck, the shield material will deform to absorb the kinetic energy of the incoming projectile. The rapid back-face deformation of the shield can contact the arm, which can impart a large force over an extremely short duration. This work modified an Anthropomorphic Test Device (ATD) to be used for the characterization of behind ballistic shield blunt impact loading profiles.

The modified ATD was instrumented to measure impacts at the hand, wrist, forearm, and elbow to compare the force transfer at different locations of impact. A custom jig was designed to support the ATD behind a ballistic shield, provide a high degree of adjustability, and be subjected to impact testing. Two ballistic shield models, both with the same protection rating, were tested and showed to have statistically different responses to the same impact conditions, indicating further need for shield safety evaluation.

To apply these loading profiles to future injury criteria development tests, a pneumatic impacting apparatus was re-designed that will allow the high energy impact profiles to be re-created in the McMaster Injury Biomechanics lab. Understanding the ballistic impact conditions, as well as the response of different ballistic shield models provided insight into the possible methods available to reduce upper extremity injury risk. This work has provided essential data for informing a future standard for shield safety evaluation.

Year	Entry
2011	Hohendorff B, Weidermann C, Pollinger P, Burkhart KJ, Konerding MA, Prommersberger KJ, Rommens PM. Entrapment of adult fingers between window glass and seal entry of a motor vehicle side door: an experimental study for investigation of the force at the subjective pain threshold. J Biomech. July 28, 2011;44(11):2158-2161.
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2002	Pintar FA, Yoganandan N. Dynamic bending tolerance of the human forearm. Traffic Inj Prev. 2002;3(1):43-48.
2005	Kemper A, Stitzel J, Duma S, Matsuoka F, Masuda M. Biofidelity of the SID-IIs and a modified SID-IIs upper extremity: biomechanical properties of the human humerus. In: Proceedings of the 19th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 6-9, 2005; Washington, DC.
2004	Bir C, Viano D, King A. Development of biomechanical response corridors of the thorax to blunt ballistic impacts. J Biomech. January 2004;37(1):73-79.
2017	Chakravarty AB, Martinez AA, Quenneville CE. The injury tolerance of the tibia under off-axis impact loading. Ann Biomed Eng. June 2017;45(6):1534-1542.
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Year

Entry

2011

Hohendorff B, Weidermann C, Pollinger P, Burkhart KJ, Konerding MA, Prommersberger KJ, Rommens PM. Entrapment of adult fingers between window glass and seal entry of a motor vehicle side door: an experimental study for investigation of the force at the subjective pain threshold. J Biomech. July 28, 2011;44(11):2158-2161.

2001

Griffin LV, Harris RM, Hayda RA, Rountree MS. Loading rate and torsional moments predict pilon fractures for antipersonnel blast mine loading. In: Proceedings of the 2001 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. October 10-12, 2001; Isle of Man, UK.

2002

Pintar FA, Yoganandan N. Dynamic bending tolerance of the human forearm. Traffic Inj Prev. 2002;3(1):43-48.

2005

Kemper A, Stitzel J, Duma S, Matsuoka F, Masuda M. Biofidelity of the SID-IIs and a modified SID-IIs upper extremity: biomechanical properties of the human humerus. In: Proceedings of the 19th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 6-9, 2005; Washington, DC.

2004

Bir C, Viano D, King A. Development of biomechanical response corridors of the thorax to blunt ballistic impacts. J Biomech. January 2004;37(1):73-79.