Supplement: Development of Improved Injury Criteria for the Assessment of Advanced Automotive Restraint Systems

Year	Entry
1970	Yamada H. Strength of Biological Materials. Evans FG, ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins Company; 1970.
1973	King JJ, Fan WRS, Vargovick RJ. Femur load injury criteria: a realistic approach. In: Proceedings of the 17th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 17-19, 1973; Coronado, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:509-524. SAE 730984.
1975	Powell WR, Ojala SJ, Advani SH, Martin RB. Cadaver femur responses to longitudinal impacts. In: Proceedings of the 19th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 17-19, 1975; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:561-579. SAE 751160.
1999	Eppinger R, Sun E, Bandak F, Haffner M, Khaewpong N, Maltese M, Kuppa S, Nguyen T, Takhounts E, Tannous R, Zhang A, Saul R. Development of Improved Injury Criteria for the Assessment of Advanced Automotive Restraint Systems - II. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA); November 1999.
1974	Hubbard RP, McLeod DG. Definition and development of a crash dummy head. In: Proceedings of the 18th Stapp Car Crash Conference. December 4-5, 1974; Ann Arbor, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:599-628. SAE 741193.
1997	Crandall JR, Duma SM, Bass CR, Pilkey WD, Kuppa SM, Khaewpong N, Eppinger R. Thoracic response and trauma of out-of-position drivers resulting from air bag deployment. In: 41st Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). November 10-11, 1997; Orlando, FL.387-404.
1989	Morgan RM, Eppinger RH, Marcus JH. Human cadaver patella-femur-pelvis injury due to dynamic frontal impact to the patella. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). May 29–June 1, 1989; Göteborg, Sweden.683-698.
1981	Riggs BL, Wahner HW, Dunn WL, Mazess RB, Offord KP, Melton LJ III. Differential changes in bone mineral density of the appendicular and axial skeleton with aging: relationship to spinal osteoporosis. J Clin Invest. February 1981;67(2):328-335.
1967	Patrick LM, Mertz HJ Jr, Kroell CK. Cadaver knee, chest and head impact loads. In: Proceedings of the 11th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 10-11, 1967; Anaheim, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:168-182. SAE 670913.
1997	Mertz HJ, Prasad P, Irwin AL. Injury risk curves for children and adults in frontal and rear collisions. In: Proceedings of the 41st Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 13-14, 1997; Lake Buena Vista, FL. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:13-30. SAE 973318.
1971	Hodgson VR, Thomas LM. Comparison of head acceleration injury indices in cadaver skull fracture. In: Proceedings of the 15th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 17-19, 1971; Coronado, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:190-206. SAE 710854.
1983	Schneider LW, Robbins DH, Pflüg MA, Snyder RG. Development of Anthropometrically Based Design Specifications for an Advanced Adult Anthropomorphic Dummy Family, Volume 1. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Traffic Research Institute (UMTRI); December 1983. UMTRI Publication UMTRI-83-53-1.
1975	Melvin JW, Stalnaker RL, Alem NM, Benson JB, Mohan D. Impact response and tolerance of the lower extremities. In: Proceedings of the 19th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 17-19, 1975; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:543-559. SAE 751159.
1995	Melvin JW. Injury assessment reference values for the CRABI 6-month infant dummy in a rear-facing infant restraint with airbag deployment. In: Proceedings of the SAE International Congress & Exposition. February 27–March 2, 1995; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers. SAE 950872.
1977	Jurist JM, Foltz AS. Human ulnar bending stiffness, mineral content, geometry and strength. J Biomech. 1977;10(8):455-459.

Year	Entry
2005	Manoogian SJ, Kennedy EA, Duma SM. An Updated Literature Review of Musculoskeletal Injuries to the Human Neck and the Effects of Head-Supported Mass Worn by Soldiers. Fort Rucker, AL: U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory; October 2005. USAARL Contract Report CR-2006-01.
2005	Merkle AC, Kleinberger M, Uy OM. The effects of head-supported mass on the risk of neck injury in army personnel. Johns Hopkins APL Tech Dig. January–March 2005;26(1):75-83.
2012	Parr JC, Miller ME, Bridges NR, Buhrman JR, Perry CE, Wright NL. Evaluation of the Nᵢⱼ neck injury criteria with human response data for use in future research on helmet mounted display mass properties. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 56th Annual Meeting. 2012:2070-2074.
2003	Perry CE, Buhrman JR, Doczy EJ, Mosher SE. Evaluation of the Effects of Variable Helmet Weight on Human Response During Lateral +Gy Impact. Wright-Patterson AFB, OH: Biomechanics Branch, Biosciences and Protection Division, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory; August 2003. Report No. AFRL-HE-WP-TR-2004-0013.
2002	Sherwood CP, Shaw CG, van Rooij L, Kent RW, Gupta PK, Crandall JR, Orzechowski KM, Eichelberger MR, Kallieris D. Prediction of cervical spine injury risk for the 6-year-old child in frontal crashes. In: 46th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). September 30–October 2, 2002; Tempe, AZ.
2004	Sherwood CP, Abdelilah Y, Crandall JR, Stevens SL, Saggese JM, Eichelberger MR. The performance of various rear facing child restraint systems in a frontal crash. In: 48th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). September 13-15, 2004; Key Biscayne, FL.303-321.
2007	Sherwood CP, Crandall JR. Frontal sled tests comparing rear and forward facing child restraints with 1-3 year old dummies. In: 51st Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 15-17, 2007; Melbourne, Australia.169-180.
2008	Forman J, Michaelson J, Kent R, Kuppa S, Bostrom O. Occupant restraint in the rear seat: ATD responses to standard and pre-tensioning, force-limiting belt restraints. In: 52nd Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 6-8, 2008; San Diego, CA.141-153.
2010	Forman JL, Lopez-Valdes FJ, Dennis N, Kent RW, Tanji H, Higuchi K. An inflatable belt system in the rear seat occupant environment: investigating feasibility and benefit in frontal impact sled tests with a 50th percentile male ATD. In: 54th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 17-20, 2010; Las Vegas, NV.111-125.
2010	Sahraei E, Digges K, Marzougui D. Reduced protection for belted occupants in rear seats relative to front seats of new model year vehicles. In: 54th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 17-20, 2010; Las Vegas, NV.149-158.
2001	Summers L, Hollowell WT, Prasad A. Analysis of occupant protection provided to 50th percentile male dummies sitting mid-track and 5th percentile female dummies sitting full-forward in crash tests of paired vehicles with redesigned air bag systems. In: Proceedings of the 17th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 4-7, 2001; Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
2003	Kleinberger M, Voo L, Merkle A, Bevan M, Chang S-S, McKoy F. The role of seatback and head restraint design parameters on rear impact occupant dynamics. In: Proceedings of the 18th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 19-22, 2003; Nagoya, Japan.
2003	Maltese MR, Prasad A, Beuse N, Hollowell WT. Vehicle performance in full-frontal crash tests with small female and mid-sized male occupants. In: Proceedings of the 18th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 19-22, 2003; Nagoya, Japan.
2003	Van Auken RM, Zellner JW, Kebschull SA, Wiley KD, Smith T, Shewchenko N, Rogers NM. Development of neck injury assessment criteria for the ISO 13232 motorcyclist anthropometric test dummy with the revised neck. In: Proceedings of the 18th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 19-22, 2003; Nagoya, Japan.
2003	van Rooij L, Bhalla K, Meissner M, Ivarsson J, Crandall J, Longhitano D, Takahashi Y, Dokko Y, Kikuchi Y. Pedestrian crash reconstruction using multi-body modeling with geometrically detailed, validated vehicle models and advanced pedestrian injury criteria. In: Proceedings of the 18th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 19-22, 2003; Nagoya, Japan.
2005	Kuppa S, Saunders J, Fessahaie O. Rear seat occupant protection in frontal crashes. In: Proceedings of the 19th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 6-9, 2005; Washington, DC.
2005	Van Auken RM, Zellner JW, Smith T, Rogers NM. Development of an improved neck injury assessment criteria for the ISO 13232 motorcyclist anthropometric test dummy. In: Proceedings of the 19th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 6-9, 2005; Washington, DC.
2005	Gabauer D, Thomson R. Correlation of vehicle and roadside crash test injury criteria. In: Proceedings of the 19th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 6-9, 2005; Washington, DC.
2005	Kuroe T, Namiki H, Iijima S. Exploratory study of an airbag concept for a large touring motorcycle: further research second report. In: Proceedings of the 19th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 6-9, 2005; Washington, DC.
2005	Menon RA, Ghati YS, Roberts D. Performance evaluation of various high back booster seats tested at 56 kph using a 6-year-old Hybrid III dummy. In: Proceedings of the 19th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 6-9, 2005; Washington, DC.
2005	Duma S, Moorcroft D, Stitzel J, Duma G. A computational model of the pregnant occupant: effects of restraint usage and occupant position on fetal injury risk. In: Proceedings of the 19th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 6-9, 2005; Washington, DC.
2005	van Rooij L, Harkema C, de Lange R, de Jager K, Bosch-Rekveldt M, Mooi H. Child poses in child restraint systems related to injury potential: investigations by virtual testing. In: Proceedings of the 19th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 6-9, 2005; Washington, DC.
2007	Belcher T, Newland C. Investigation of lower anchorage systems for child restraints in Australia. In: Proceedings of the 20th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 18-21, 2007; Lyon, France.
2009	O’Brien-Mitchell B, Bailey K, Faust D, Jensen J, Kleinert J, Wodzinski C, Kohoyda-Inglis C, Wang S. Analysis of injury trends in frontal University of Michigan CIREN cases in the context of crash tests. In: Proceedings of the 21st International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 15-18, 2009; Stuttgart, Germany.
2009	Levick N, Grzebieta R. USA ambulance crashworthiness frontal impact testing. In: Proceedings of the 21st International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 15-18, 2009; Stuttgart, Germany.
2019	Zhao J, Jakkamsetti PK, Katagiri M, Lee S. New passenger restraints with adaptivity to occupant size, seating positions and crash scenarios through paired ATD-HM study. In: Proceedings of the 26th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 10-13, 2019; Eindhoven, Netherlands.
2001	Ono K, Kaneoka K, Sun EA, Takhounts EG, Eppinger RH. Biomechanical response of human cervical spine to direct loading of the head. In: Proceedings of the 2001 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. October 10-12, 2001; Isle of Man, UK.
2005	Kimpara H, Iwamoto M, Watanabe I, Miki K, Lee JB, Yang KH, King AI. Effects of bodyweight, height, and ribcage area moment of inertia on blunt chest impact response. In: Proceedings of the 2005 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 21-23, 2005; Prague, Czech Republic.175-185.
2006	Bass CRD, Donnellan L, Salzar R, Lucas S, Folk B, Davis M, Rafaels K, Planchak C, Meyerhoff K, Ziemba A, Alem N. A new neck injury criterion in combined vertical/frontal crashes with head supported mass. In: Proceedings of the 2006 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 20-22, 2006; Madrid, Spain.75-91.
2008	Bass CRD, Crandall JR, Salzar RS, Rafaels K, Damon A, Lucas S. Reinterpreting the neck injury index (NII) using experimental cadaveric tests. In: Proceedings of the 2008 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 17-19, 2008; Bern, Switzerland.353-365.
2013	Cabrolier L, D’Souza R, Bertocci G, Tiernan J, Simms C. The influence of shoulder and pelvic belt floor anchorage location on wheelchair occupant injury risk: a simulation study. In: Proceedings of the 2013 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 11-13, 2013; Gothenburg, Sweden.710-721.
2017	Hasija V, Takhounts E, Lee E, Craig M. On the importance of the forces and moments at the occipital condyles in predicting ligamentous cervical spine injuries. In: Proceedings of the 2017 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 13-15, 2017; Antwerp, Belgium.600-612.
2020	Chen W, Zhou Q, Gan S, Nie B. Generating a large-scale numerical database of motor vehicle crashes for rapid injury severity prediction. In: Proceedings of the 2020 International IRCOBI Asia Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. 2020; Beijing, China.25-28.
2005	Yliniemi EM, Pellettiere JA, Doczy EJ, Nuckley DJ, Ching RP. Dynamic tensile neck injury tolerance. In: Proceedings of the 1st Ohio State University Injury Biomechanics Symposium. May 19-21, 2005; Columbus, OH.
2014	Van Toen C, Melnyk AD, Street J, Oxland TR, Cripton P. The effects of lateral eccentricity on failure loads and injuries of the cervical spine in head-first impacts. In: Proceedings of the 10th Ohio State University Injury Biomechanics Symposium. May 18-20, 2014; Columbus, OH.
2017	Dowling-Medley J, Doodkorte RJ, Melnyk AD, Cripton PA, Oxland TR. Load-displacement characteristics of the cervical spine during shear loading. In: Proceedings of the 13th Ohio State University Injury Biomechanics Symposium. May 21-23, 2017; Columbus, OH.
2004	Ivarsson BJ, Crandall JR, Longhitano D, Okamoto M. Lateral injury criteria for the 6-year-old pedestrian, I: criteria for the head, neck, thorax, abdomen and pelvis. In: Proceedings of the SAE World Congress & Exhibition. March 8-11, 2004; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers. SAE 2004-01-0323.
2004	Ivarsson BJ, Crandall JR, Longhitano D, Okamoto M. Lateral injury criteria for the 6-year-old pedestrian, II: criteria for the upper and lower extremities. In: Proceedings of the SAE World Congress & Exhibition. March 8-11, 2004; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers. SAE 2004-01-1755.
2000	Pintar F, Mayer R, Yoganandan N, Sun E. Child neck strength characteristics using an animal model. Stapp Car Crash J. 2000;44:77-83. SAE 2000-01-SC06.
2000	Yoganandan N, Pintar F, Stemper BD, Schlick MB, Philippens M, Wisman J. Biomechanics of human occupants in simulated rear crashes: documentation of neck injuries and comparison of injury criteria. Stapp Car Crash J. 2000;44:189-204. SAE 2000-01-SC14.
2002	Carter JW, Ku GS, Nuckley DJ, Ching RP. Tolerance of the cervical spine to eccentric axial compression. Stapp Car Crash J. 2002;46:441-459. SAE 2002-22-0022.
2002	Hilker CE, Yoganandan N, Pintar FA. Experimental determination of adult and pediatric neck scale factors. Stapp Car Crash J. 2002;46:417-429. SAE 2002-22-0020.
2005	Kimpara H, Lee JB, Yang KH, King AI, Iwamoto M, Watanabe I, Miki K. Development of a three-dimensional finite element chest model for the 5th percentile female. Stapp Car Crash J. 2005;49:251-269. SAE 2005-22-0012.
2008	Luck JF, Nightingale RW, Loyd AM, Prange MT, Dibb AT, Song Y, Fronheiser L, Myers BS. Tensile mechanical properties of the perinatal and pediatric PMHS osteoligamentous cervical spine. Stapp Car Crash J. 2008;52:107-134. SAE 2008-22-0005.
2008	Michaelson J, Forman J, Kent R, Kuppa S. Rear seat occupant safety: kinematics and injury of PMHS restrained by a standard 3-point belt in frontal crashes. Stapp Car Crash J. 2008;52:295-325. SAE 2008-22-0012.
2009	Philippens M, Wismans J, Forbes PA, Yoganandan N, Pintar FA, Soltis SJ. ES2 neck injury assessment reference values for lateral loading in side facing seats. Stapp Car Crash J. 2009;53:421-441. SAE 2009-22-0015.
2009	Salzar RS, Bolton JR, Crandall JR, Paskoff GR, Shender BS. Ejection injury to the spine in small aviators: sled tests of manikins vs. post mortem specimens. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2009;80(7):621-628.
2004	Hayda R, Harris RM, Bass CD. Blast injury research: modeling injury effects of landmines, bullets, and bombs. Clin Orthop Relat Res. May 2004;422:97-108.
2014	Kim J-E, Kim IH, Shum PC, Shih AM, Pintar F, Shen W, Ma X, Laud PW, Heymsfield SB, Allison DB, Zhu S. A computational study of injury severity and pattern sustained by overweight drivers in frontal motor vehicle crashes. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Eng. July 2014;17(9):965-977.
2012	Lu Y-C, Untaroiu CD. A bootstrap approach for lower injury levels of the risk curves. Comput Methods Prog Biomed. June 2012;106(3):274-286.
2013	Untaroiu CD, Shin J, Lu Y-C. Assessment of a dummy model in crash simulations using rating methods. Int J Automot Technol. June 2013;14(3):395-405.
2007	Young D, Grzebieta R, McIntosh A, Bambach M, Frechede B. Diving versus roof intrusion: a review of rollover injury causation. Int J Crashworthiness. 2007;12(6):609-628.
2007	Kent RW, Purtsezov SV, Pilkey WD. Limiting performance analysis of a seat belt system with slack. Int J Impact Eng. August 2007;34(8):1382-1395.
2009	Yoganandan N, Pintar FA, Zhang J, Baisden JL. Physical properties of the human head: mass, center of gravity and moment of inertia. J Biomech. June 19, 2009;42(9):1177-1192.
2020	King AI, Grimm MJ. Herbert R. Lissner: the father of impact biomechanics. J Biomech Eng. March 2020;142(3):030801.
2018	Quarrington RD. Towards Understanding the Injury Mechanics and Clinical Outcomes of Traumatic Subaxial Cervical Facet Dislocation and Fracture-Dislocation [PhD thesis]. University of Adelaide; December 2018.
2005	Mellander H. Interior Frontal Crash Protection for Passenger Cars At High Delta-V: Possibilities and Limitations [PhD thesis]. Cranfield University; March 2005.
2005	Chancey VC. Strength of the Human Neck: Understanding the Contributions of the Ligamentous and Muscular Spine in Tension and Bending [PhD thesis]. Duke University; 2005.
2002	Kleiven S. Finite Element Modeling of the Human Head [PhD thesis]. Stockholm, Sweden: Royal Institute of Technology; 2002.
2008	Hedenstierna S. 3D Finite Element Modeling of Cervical Musculature and Its Effect on Neck Injury Prevention [PhD thesis]. Sweden, Royal Institute of Technology; 2008.
2009	Verschueren P. Biomechanical Analysis of Head Injuries Related to Bicycle Accidents and a New Bicycle Helmet Concept [PhD thesis]. Katholieke Universiteit Leuven; July 2009.
2009	DeRosia JJ. Role of Gender and Size in Biomechanics of Rear Impact Marquette University; May 2009.
2019	Berthelson PR. A Coupled Finite Element-Mathematical Surrogate Modeling Approach to Assess Occupant Head and Neck Injury Risk Due to Vehicular Impacts [Master's thesis]. Mississippi State University; August 2019.
2015	Schafman MA. Dynamic Structural Properties of Human Ribs in Frontal Loading [Master's thesis]. The Ohio State University; 2015.
2013	Van Toen CY. Biomechanics of Cervical Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Under Combined Axial Compression and Lateral Bending Loading [PhD thesis]. Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia; December 2013.
2018	Dowling-Medley J. Biomechanics of the Lower Cervical Spine During Shear Loading [Master's thesis]. Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia; May 2018.
2018	Atlan LS. Direction-Dependent Responses to Traumatic Brain Injury in Pediatric Pigs [PhD thesis]. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania; 2018.
2008	Bose D. Numerical Estimation of Occupant State Parameters in a Dynamic Loading Environment [PhD thesis]. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia; August 2008.
2013	Lau SH. Assessment of Macropus Giganteus* as a Biomechanical Model of the Pediatric Thorax* [Master's thesis]. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia; May 2013.
2019	Bollapragada V. The Influence of Disabling Injuries on the Design of the Vehicle Front End for Pedestrian Safety [PhD thesis]. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia; August 2019.
2023	Grindle DM. Protection of Standing and Seated Pedestrians Using Finite Element Analysis [PhD thesis]. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; April 27, 2023.
2002	Carter JW. Compressive Cervical Spine Injury: The Effect of Injury Mechanism on Structural Injury Pattern and Neurologic Injury Potential [PhD thesis]. University of Washington; 2002.
2005	Yliniemi EM. Dynamic Tensile Neck Injury: A Post Mortem Human Study [PhD thesis]. University of Washington; 2005.
2013	Toomey DE. Cervical Spine Tolerance and Response in Compressive Loading Modes Including Combined Compression and Lateral Bending [PhD thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; May 2013.
2015	Gaewsky J. Driver Injury Metric and Risk Variability as a Function of Occupant Position in Real World Motor Vehicle Crashes [Master's thesis]. Winston-Salem, NC: Wake Forest University; May 2015.