Cadaver femur responses to longitudinal impacts

Powell, William R.; Ojala, Steven J.; Advani, Sunder H.; Martin, R. Bruce

Year	Entry
2000	Eppinger R, Sun E, Kuppa S, Saul R. Supplement: Development of Improved Injury Criteria for the Assessment of Advanced Automotive Restraint Systems - II. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA); March 2000.
1991	Huelke DF, Compton TW, Compton CP. Lower extremity injuries in frontal crashes: injuries, locations, AIS and contacts. 1991. SAE 910811.
1976	Melvin JW, Stalnake RL. Tolerance and Response of the Knee-Femur-Pelvis Complex to Axial Impact. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan, Highway safety Research Institute; October 1976. Final Report UM-HSRI-76-33.
1986	Nyquist GW. Injury tolerance characteristics of the adult human lower extremities under static and dynamic loading. In: Biomechanics and Medical Aspects of Lower Limb Injuries. Symposium on Biomechanics and Medical Aspects of Lower Limb Injuries; October 29-30, 1986; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineering:79-90. SAE 861925.
2015	Rupp JD. Knee, thigh, and hip injury biomechanics. In: Yoganandan N, Nahum AM, Melvin JW, eds. Accidental Injury: Biomechanics and Prevention. 3rd ed. New York: Springer; 2015:471-497.
1982	States JD, Hight PV. Tolerance of human femur derived from an accidental fall. In: 26th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 4-6, 1982; Ottawa, ON.37-51.
1986	Kelleher BJ, Walsh MJ, Severin CM, States JD. Human cadaver knee and hip responses to frontal impacts. In: 30th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 6, 1986; Montreal, QC.213-233.
1994	Yang J-K, Kajzer J. Mathematical model of pedestrian lower extremity. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 23-26, 1994; Munich, Germany.220-232.
2003	Rupp JD, Reed MP, Madura NH, Schneider LW. Comparison of knee/femur force-deflection response of the THOR, Hybrid III, and human cadaver to dynamic frontal-impact knee loading. In: Proceedings of the 18th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 19-22, 2003; Nagoya, Japan.
2005	Snedeker JG, Walz FH, Muser MH, Lanz C, Schroeder G. Assessing femur and pelvis injury risk in car‐pedestrian collisions: comparison of full body PMTO impacts, and a human body finite element model. In: Proceedings of the 19th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 6-9, 2005; Washington, DC.
2007	Rupp JD, Miller CS, Reed MP, Madura NH, Ritchie NL, Schneider LW. Characterization of knee impacts in frontal crashes. In: Proceedings of the 20th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 18-21, 2007; Lyon, France.
1985	Aldman B, Kajzer J, Gustafsson H, Nygren Å, Tingvall C. The protective effect of a specially designed suit for motorcyclists. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). July 1-4, 1985; Oxford, England.1095-1100. SAE 856125.
1987	Roberts DP, Donnelly BR, Morgan RM. Cadaver response to axial impacts of the femur. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). May 12-15, 1987; Washington, DC.311-316.
1989	Morgan RM, Eppinger RH, Marcus JH. Human cadaver patella-femur-pelvis injury due to dynamic frontal impact to the patella. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). May 29–June 1, 1989; Göteborg, Sweden.683-698.
2005	Miller CS, Madura NH, Reed MP, Ritchie NL, Schneider LW, Rupp JD. Development of methods to investigate the effects of knee angle and quadriceps tendon tension on patella kinematics and knee fracture tolerance due to knee bolster loading in frontal impacts. In: Proceedings of the 33rd International Workshop on Human Subjects for Biomechanical Research. 2005.87-102.
1979	Gloyns PF, Hayes HRM, Rattenbury SJ, Thomas PD, Mills HC, Griffiths DK. Lower limb injuries to car occupants in frontal impacts. In: Proceedings of the 1979 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 5-7, 1979; Goeteborg, Sweden.105-121.
1980	Viano DC. Femoral impact response and fracture. In: Proceedings of the 1980 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 9-11, 1980; Birmingham, England.261-272.
1982	Brun-Cassan F, Leung YC, Tarrière C, Fayon A, Patel A, Got C, Hureau J. Determination of knee-femur-pelvis tolerance from the simulation of car frontal impacts. In: Proceedings of the 1982 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 8-10, 1982; Cologne, Germany.101-115.
1990	Kajzer J, Cavallero C, Ghanouchi S, Bonnoit J, Ghorbel A. Response of the knee joint in lateral impact: effect of shearing loads. In: Proceedings of the 1990 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 12-14, 1990; Lyon, France.293-304.
1993	Yang JK, Rzymkowski C, Kajzer J. Development and validation of a mathematical breakable leg model. In: Proceedings of the 1993 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 8-10, 1993; Eindhoven, The Netherlands.175-186.
2004	Bass CRD, Kent R, Salzar RS, Milllington S, Davis M, Folk B, Lucas S, Donnellan L, Murakami D, Kobayashi S. Development of injury criteria for pelvic fracture in frontal crashes. In: Proceedings of the 2004 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 22-24, 2004; Graz, Austria.125-136.
2005	Ritchie NL, Schneider LW, Miller CS, Madura NH, Rupp JD. Determining the effects of quadriceps tendon tension on patellar kinematics and knee injury pattern during frontal-impact knee loading. In: Proceedings of the 1st Ohio State University Injury Biomechanics Symposium. May 19-21, 2005; Columbus, OH.
1997	Atkinson PJ, Garcia JJ, Altiero NJ, Haut RC. The influence of impact interface on human knee injury: implications for instrument panel design and the lower extremity injury criterion. In: Proceedings of the 41st Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 13-14, 1997; Lake Buena Vista, FL. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:167-180. SAE 973327.
1998	Atkinson P, Atkinson T, Haut R, Eusebi C, Maripudi V, Hill T, Sambatur K. Development of injury criteria for human surrogates to address current trends in knee-to-instrument panel injuries. In: Proceedings of the 42nd Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 2-4, 1998; Tempa, AZ. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:13-. SAE 983146.
1999	Atkinson P, Benny J, Sambatur K, Gudipaty K, Maripudi V, Hill T. A parametric study of vehicle interior geometry, delta-v, and instrument panel stiffness on knee injury and upper body kinetic energy. In: Proceedings of the 43rd Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 25-27, 1999; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:203-215. SAE 99SC13.
2000	Ewers BJ, Jayaraman VM, Banglmaier RF, Haut RC. The effect of loading rate on the degree of acute injury and chronic conditions in the knee after blunt impact. Stapp Car Crash J. 2000;44:299-313. SAE 2000-01-SC20.
2001	Yoganandan N, Pintar FA, Gennarelli TA, Maltese MR, Eppinger RH. Mechanisms and factors involved in hip injuries during frontal crashes. Stapp Car Crash J. 2001;45:437-448. SAE 2001-22-0020.
2002	Rupp JD, Reed MP, Van Ee CA, Kuppa S, Wang SC, Goulet JA, Schneider LW. The tolerance of the human hip to dynamic knee loading. Stapp Car Crash J. 2002;46:211-228. SAE 2002-22-0011.
2003	Mertz HJ, Irwin AL, Prasad P. Biomechanical and scaling bases for frontal and side impact injury assessment reference values. Stapp Car Crash J. 2003;47:155-188. SAE 2003-22-0009.
2003	Meyer EG, Haut RC. The effect of impact angle on knee tolerance to rigid impacts. Stapp Car Crash J. 2003;47:1-19. SAE 2003-22-0001.
2003	Rupp JD, Reed MP, Jeffreys TA, Schneider LW. Effects of hip posture on the frontal impact tolerance of the human hip joint. Stapp Car Crash J. 2003;47:21-33. SAE 2003-22-0002.
2005	Kim YS, Choi HH, Cho YN, Park YJ, Lee JB, Yang KH, King AI. Numerical investigations of interactions between the knee-thigh-hip complex with vehicle interior structures. Stapp Car Crash J. 2005;49:85-115. SAE 2005-22-0005.
2008	Ruan JS, El-Jawahri R, Barbat S, Rouhana SW, Prasad P. Impact response and biomechanical analysis of the knee-thigh-hip complex in frontal impacts with a full human body finite element model. Stapp Car Crash J. 2008;52:505-526. SAE 2008-22-0019.
2008	Rupp JD, Miller CS, Reed MP, Madura NH, Klinich KD, Schneider LW. Characterization of knee-thigh-hip response in frontal impacts using biomechanical testing and computational simulations. Stapp Car Crash J. 2008;52:421-474. SAE 2008-22-0017.
2009	Ivarsson BJ, Genovese D, Crandall JR, Bolton JR, Untaroiu CD, Bose D. The tolerance of the femoral shaft in combined axial compression and bending loading. Stapp Car Crash J. 2009;53:251-290. SAE 2009-22-0010.
1980	Viano DC, Stalnaker RL. Mechanisms of femoral fracture. J Biomech. 1980;13(8):701-715.
2001	Atkinson PJ, Haut RC. Impact responses of the flexed human knee using a deformable impact interface. J Biomech Eng. 2001;123(3):205-211.
1977	Repo RU, Finlay JB. Survival of articular cartilage after controlled impact. J Bone Joint Surg. December 1977;59A(8):1068-1076.
1995	Atkinson PJ, Haut RC. Subfracture insult to the human cadaver patellofemoral joint produces occult injury. J Orthop Res. November 1995;13(6):936-944.
2004	Rupp JD, Schneider LW. Injuries to the hip joint in frontal motor-vehicle crashes: biomechanical and real-world perspectives. Orthop Clin North Am. 2004;35(4):493-504.
2006	Salzar RS, Bass CRD, Kent R, Millington S, Davis M, Lucas S, Rudd R, Folk B, Donnellan L, Murakami D, Kobayashi S. Development of injury criteria for pelvic fracture in frontal crashes. Traffic Inj Prev. September 2006;7(3):299-305.
1998	Bedewi PG. The Biomechanics of Human Lower Extremity Injury in the Automotive Crash Environment [PhD thesis]. Washington, DC: The George Washington University; 1998.
1998	Atkinson PJ. A Stress-Based Damage Criterion to Predict Articular Joint Injury from Subfracture Insult [PhD thesis]. University of Michigan; 1998.
2001	Ewers BJ III. Correlations of Stress and Strain With Alterations in Cartilage and Underlying Subchondral Bone Following an Impact in an in Vivo Animal and an in Vitro Explant Model [PhD thesis]. University of Michigan; 2001.
2004	Meyer EG. Biomechanical Response of Tissues to Various Blunt Impact Orientations on the Knee [Master's thesis]. University of Michigan; 2004.
2005	Rundell SA. Investigation of the Acute Injury Response of Articular Cartilage in Vitro and in Vivo: Analysis of Various Therapeutic Treatments [Master's thesis]. East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University; 2005.
2006	Rupp JD. Biomechanics of Hip Injuries in Frontal Motor-Vehicle Crashes [PhD thesis]. University of Michigan; 2006.
2009	Chang C-Y. Prediction of the Effects of Lower-Extremity Muscle Forces on Knee, Thigh, and Hip Injuries in Frontal Motor Vehicle Crashes [PhD thesis]. University of Michigan; 2009.
2006	Balasubramanian S. Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) Injury and Repair: A Biomechanical Evaluation of the Human Knee Joint Under Dynamic Posterior Loading; Kinematics and Contact Pressure Measurements in Normal, PCL Deficient and PCL Reconstructed Knees [PhD thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; 2006.
2010	McKay BJ. Development of Lower Extremity Injury Criteria and Biomechanical Surrogate to Evaluate Military Vehicle Occupant Injury During an Explosive Blast Event [PhD thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; 2010.