Development of neck injury assessment criteria for the ISO 13232 motorcyclist anthropometric test dummy with the revised neck

Van Auken, R. Michael; Zellner, John W.; Kebschull, Scott A.; Wiley, Kenneth D.; Smith, Terry; Shewchenko, Nicholas; Rogers, Nicholas M.

The Motorcyclist Anthropometric Test Dummy (MATD) and injury risk/benefit analysis methods standardized under International Standard ISO 13232 allow the relative injury benefits and risks of rider protective devices fitted to motorcycles to be assessed, for a specific set of injury types. Research involving the feasibility of airbags fitted to motorcycles intensified the need to upgrade the crash test dummy neck injury assessment methods. This involved the development of an improved dummy neck with multi-directional biofidelity and injury assessment capabilities and corresponding probabilistic four axis neck injury criteria. The neck injury criteria were developed by fitting the distributions of neck injury severities observed in onscene in-depth investigations of 568 real-world motorcycle crashes, including the direction of neck motion indicated by special detailed neck dissections in 67 fatal cases, to the distributions of upper neck forces and moments measured in calibrated computer simulations of the MATD with the improved neck in the 568 crashes. The result is a probabilistic injury criterion that can estimate the probability of neck injury, based on four axis upper neck forces and moments measured with the new MATD neck. The model has a high level of overall agreement with neck injury severity levels and directions observed in real world crashes.

Year

Entry

1998

Kebschull SA, Zellner JW, Van Auken M, Rogers NM. Injury risk/benefit analysis of motorcyclist protective devices using computer simulation and IS0 13232. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 31–June 4, 1998; Windsor, Ontario, Canada.2357-2374.

1999

Eppinger R, Sun E, Bandak F, Haffner M, Khaewpong N, Maltese M, Kuppa S, Nguyen T, Takhounts E, Tannous R, Zhang A, Saul R. Development of Improved Injury Criteria for the Assessment of Advanced Automotive Restraint Systems - II. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA); November 1999.

2000

Eppinger R, Sun E, Kuppa S, Saul R. Supplement: Development of Improved Injury Criteria for the Assessment of Advanced Automotive Restraint Systems - II. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA); March 2000.

1994

Ramet M, Bouquet R, Bouallegue M, Bermond F, Cesari D. The effect of air bag inflation on the cinematic and the lesions of a motorcyclist. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 23-26, 1994; Munich, Germany.1241-1246.

1994

Zellner JW, Newman JA, Rogers NM. Preliminary research into the feasibility of motorcycle airbag systems. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 23-26, 1994; Munich, Germany.1198-1210.