Human ulnar bending stiffness, mineral content, geometry and strength

Jurist, John M.; Foltz, Alexander S.

Affiliations

¹Saint Vincent’s Hospital, 2915 Twelfth Avenue North, Billings, MT 59103, U.S.A

²601 First Street, Wausau, WI 54401, U.S.A

Abstract

Predictability of ulnar strength in three point bending by measurements of bending stiffness, mineral content, and geometry was studied in 45 embalmed human ulnae. All bones were tested wet. Mineral content, width (mediolateral), and depth (anteroposterior) were determined 1/3 of the ulnar length proximal to the head. The correlation coefficient between breaking strength and bending stiffness was 0.958. The correlation coefficient between strength and mineral content was 0.947. The highest correlation between strength and a geometrical parameter was with cross-sectional area estimated from width and depth: r = 0.754. Use of a regression function relating strength to stiffness and width together improved the strength estimate. The correlation coefficient between predicted and actual strength was 0.962 (standard error of estimate of 37 lb or 11% of the mean value). We conclude that ulnar strength can best be estimated noninvasively from measurements of bending stiffness or mineral content.

Links

DOI: 10.1016/0021-9290(77)90099-9

PubMed: 893479

WoS: A1977DU25800002

History

Received: 1977-01-17

Cited Works (5)

Year	Entry
1967	Bell GH, Dunbar O, Beck JS, Gibb A. Variations in strength of vertebrae with age and their relation to osteoporosis. Calcif Tiss Res. 1967;1(1):75-86.
1969	Currey JD. The mechanical consequences of variation in the mineral content of bone. J Biomech. March 1969;2(1):1-11.
1967	Mather BS. Correlations between strength and other properties of long bones. J Trauma. 1967;7(6):633-638.
1973	Evans FG. Mechanical Properties of Bone. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas; 1973.
1959	Vose GP, Kubala AL Jr. Bone strength: its relationship to x-ray determined ash content. Hum Biol. September 1959;31:261-270.

Cited By (17)

Year	Entry
2000	Eppinger R, Sun E, Kuppa S, Saul R. Supplement: Development of Improved Injury Criteria for the Assessment of Advanced Automotive Restraint Systems - II. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA); March 2000.
1998	Bass CR, Duma SM, Crandall JR, George S, Kuppa S, Khaewpong N, Sun E, Eppinger R. The interaction of air bags with upper extremity test devices. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 31–June 4, 1998; Windsor, Ontario, Canada.1628-1645.
2004	Ivarsson BJ, Crandall JR, Longhitano D, Okamoto M. Lateral injury criteria for the 6-year-old pedestrian, II: criteria for the upper and lower extremities. In: Proceedings of the SAE World Congress & Exhibition. March 8-11, 2004; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers. SAE 2004-01-1755.
1997	Bass CR, Duma SM, Crandall JR, Morris R, Martin P, Pilkey WD, Hurwitz S, Khaewpong N, Eppinger R, Sun E. The interaction of air bags with upper extremities. In: Proceedings of the 41st Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 13-14, 1997; Lake Buena Vista, FL. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:111-129. SAE 973324.
1999	Begeman PC, Pratima K, Prasad P. Bending strength of the human cadaveric forearm due to lateral loads. In: Proceedings of the 43rd Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 25-27, 1999; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:343-350. SAE 99SC24.
2001	Hardy WN, Schneider LW, Rouhana SW. Prediction of airbag-induced forearm fractures and airbag aggressivity. Stapp Car Crash J. 2001;45:511-534. SAE 2001-22-0024.
2004	Yeni YN, Dong XN, Fyhrie DP, Les CM. The dependence between the strength and stiffness of cancellous and cortical bone tissue for tension and compression: extension of a unifying principle. Bio-med Mater Eng. 2004;14(3):303-310.
2000	Fyhrie DP, Vashishth D. Bone stiffness predicts strength similarly for human vertebral cancellous bone in compression and for cortical bone in tension. Bone. February 2000;26(2):169-173.
1993	Myers ER, Hecker AT, Rooks DS, Hipp JA, Hayes WC. Geometric variables from DXA of the radius predict forearm fracture load in vitro. Calcif Tiss Int. March 1993;52(3):199-204.
1984	Martin RB, Burr DB. Non-invasive measurement of long bone cross-sectional moment of inertia by photon absorptiometry. J Biomech. 1984;17(3):195-201.
1999	Cody DD, Gross GJ, Hou FJ, Spencer HJ, Goldstein SA, Fyhrie DP. Femoral strength is better predicted by finite element models than QCT and DXA. J Biomech. October 1999;32(10):1013-1020.
1988	Ruff CB, Hayes WC. Sex differences in age‐related remodeling of the femur and tibia. J Orthop Res. November 1988;6(6):886-896.
2020	Patton DM. Changes in Femoral Structure and Function Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury and With Aging [PhD thesis]. University of Michigan; 2020.
1999	Pellettiere JA. A Dynamic Material Model for Bone [PhD thesis]. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia; January 1999.
2000	Duma SM. Injury Criteria for the Small Female Upper Extremity [PhD thesis]. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia; August 2000.
1998	Yeni YN. Fracture Mechanics of Human Cortical Bone: The Relationship of Geometry, Microstructure and Composition With the Fracture of the Tibia, Femoral Shaft and the Femoral Neck [PhD thesis]. West Virginia University; 1998.
2001	Brown CU. Time-Dependent Circumferential Deformation of Cortical Bone Subjected to Internal Radial Loading [PhD thesis]. West Virginia University; 2001.