Longitudinal shear properties of human compact bone and its constituents, and the associated failure mechanisms

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Longitudinal shear properties of human compact bone and its constituents, and the associated failure mechanisms

J Mater Sci. 1977;12(9):1798-1806

©1977 Chapman and Hall Ltd. Printed in Great Britain.

Affiliations

¹Department of Engineering and Applied Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
Abstract

Human compact bone specimens were tested in longitudinal shear at two different strain rates. The maximum stress and energy absorption capacities were 50.40±14.08 MN m⁻² and 20720±9310J m⁻² respectively for 14 embalmed specimens tested at a cross head speed of 2.1×10⁻⁶ m sec⁻¹. The maximum stress was found to be 75% of the transverse shearing strength. Bone specimens were also tested after selectively dissolving the organic and mineral components. The results showed that the composite strength of bone was much higher than the summation of strengths of its organic and mineral phases. Fractographic examination of the fracture surfaces showed that debonding of the interfaces between the osteons and the surrounding bone matrix and between the osteonal lamellae were the main mechanisms of longitudinal shear failure.
Links

DOI: 10.1007/BF00566240

WoS: A1977DT87900007
History

Received: 1976-11-09

Accepted: 1977-01-17

Cited Works (7)

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Cited By (21)

Year	Entry
1996	Egerer AK, Saha S, McMillan PJ, Rivera J. Morphology of the cement line in human bone and its relationship to bone strength. In: Proceedings of the 15th Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference. March 29-31, 1996; Dayton, OH.7-10.
1998	Martin RB, Burr DB, Sharkey NA. Skeletal Tissue Mechanics. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag; 1998.
2005	Skedros JG, Holmes JL, Vajda EG, Bloebaum AD. Cement lines of secondary osteons in human bone are not mineral‐deficient: new data in a historical perspective. Anat Rec. September 2005;286A(1):781-803.
1997	Yeni YN, Brown CU, Wang Z, Norman TL. The influence of bone morphology on fracture toughness of the human femur and tibia. Bone. November 1997;21(4):453-459.
1998	Yeni YN, Brown CU, Norman TL. Influence of bone composition and apparent density on fracture toughness of the human femur and tibia. Bone. January 1998;22(1):79-84.
2000	Yeni YN, Norman TL. Fracture toughness of human femoral neck: effect of microstructure, composition, and age. Bone. May 2000;26(5):499-504.
2015	Tang T, Ebacher V, Cripton P, Guy P, McKay H, Wang R. Shear deformation and fracture of human cortical bone. Bone. February 2015;71:25-35.
2015	Goff MG, Lambers FM, Nguyen TM, Sung J, Rimnac CM, Hernandez CJ. Fatigue-induced microdamage in cancellous bone occurs distant from resorption cavities and trabecular surfaces. Bone. October 2015;79:8-14.
2019	Burr DB. Stress concentrations and bone microdamage: John Currey's contributions to understanding the initiation and arrest of cracks in bone. Bone. October 2019;127:517-525.
1982	Martin RB, Burr DB. A hypothetical mechanism for the stimulation of osteonal remodelling by fatigue damage. J Biomech. 1982;15(3):137-139.
1988	Burr DB, Schaffler MB, Frederickson RG. Composition of the cement line and its possible mechanical role as a local interface in human compact bone. J Biomech. 1988;21(11):939-945.
2000	Yeni YN, Norman TL. Calculation of porosity and osteonal cement line effects on the effective fracture toughness of cortical bone in longitudinal crack growth. J Biomed Mater Res. September 5, 2000;51(3):504-509.
2006	Winwood K, Zioupos P, Currey JD, Cotton JR, Taylor M. Strain patterns during tensile, compressive, and shear fatigue of human cortical bone and implications for bone biomechanics. J Biomed Mater Res. November 2006;A79(2):289-297.
2021	Brown AD, Rafaels KA, Weerasooriya T. Shear behavior of human skull bones. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. April 2021;116:104343.
1995	Zioupos P, Currey JD, Mirza MS, Barton DC. Experimentally determined microcracking around a circular hole in a flat plate of bone: comparison with predicted stresses. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. March 29, 1995;347(1322):383-396.
2015	Goff M. The Role of Micro and Ultra-Structure in Microdamage Accumulation in Cancellous Bone [PhD thesis]. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University; August 2015.
2002	Egerer AK. The Relationship Between the Osteonal Cement Line and Bone Strength [PhD thesis]. Loma Linda University; June 2002.
2017	Vaughan PE. The Impact of Developmental Age and Loading Rate on the Patterns of Bone Fracture Under Torsion and Bending Using Either Immature Porcine or Ovine Femurs [Master's thesis]. East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University; 2017.
2011	Ebacher V. Experimental Study of Deformation and Microcracking in Human Cortical Bone [PhD thesis]. Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia; May 2011.
2018	Tang T. Fracture Mechanisms and Structural Fragility of Human Femoral Cortical Bone [PhD thesis]. Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia; April 2018.
1998	Yeni YN. Fracture Mechanics of Human Cortical Bone: The Relationship of Geometry, Microstructure and Composition With the Fracture of the Tibia, Femoral Shaft and the Femoral Neck [PhD thesis]. West Virginia University; 1998.