Incorporation of CPR data into ATD chest impact response requirements

Maltese, Matthew R.; Arbogast, Kristy B.; Nadkarni, Vinay; Berg, Robert; Balasubramanian, Sriram; Seacrist, Thomas; Kent, Richard W.; Parent, Daniel P.; Craig, Matthew; Ridella, Stephen A.

Pediatric and adult ATD’s are key tools for the development of motor vehicle crash safety systems. Previous researchers developed size-based scaling methods to adapt blunt chest impact data from adult post-mortem human subjects (PMHS) for pediatric ATD chests design requirements, using skull or femur elastic modulus ratios to estimate the change in whole chest stiffness during maturation. Recently, the mechanics of chest compression during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) of patients spanning the pediatric and elderly ages have been reported. Our objective was to integrate these pediatric and adult chest stiffness data from CPR into the established scaling methods to 1) compare new CPR-based and existing pediatric ATD chest biofidelity response requirements and 2) develop new CPR-based corridors for ages 12 and 20 years, which do not currently exist. Compared to the current 6-year-old ATD corridor, the maximum force of the CPR-based 6-year-old corridor was 7% less and the maximum displacement was 8% greater, indicating a softer chest. Compared to the current 10-year-old corridor, the new 10- year-old corridor peak force was 12% higher and the peak displacement was 11% smaller, suggesting a stiffer chest. The 12-year-old corridor developed in this paper was 10% higher in maximum force and 4% lower in maximum displacement compared with the adult 5th percentile female (AF05). Finally, the 20-year-old 50th percentile male (AM5020) corridor was 24% higher in maximum force and 19% lower in maximum displacement than 63-year old 50th percentile adult male (AM5063) corridor, suggesting a stiffer chest. We consider all the new corridors preliminary, as data collection is ongoing for CPR subjects under age 8 years and in the young and middle adult age ranges.

Year

Entry

1989

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2001

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2009

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1973

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1999

Eppinger R, Sun E, Bandak F, Haffner M, Khaewpong N, Maltese M, Kuppa S, Nguyen T, Takhounts E, Tannous R, Zhang A, Saul R. Development of Improved Injury Criteria for the Assessment of Advanced Automotive Restraint Systems - II. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA); November 1999.