Pedestrian human body validation using detailed real-world accidents

Coley, G.<sup>1</sup>; de Lange, R.<sup>2</sup>; de Oliveira, P.<sup>1</sup>; Neal-Sturgess, C. E.<sup>1</sup>; Happee, R.<sup>2</sup>

Affiliations

¹Birmingham Automotive Safety Centre, University of Birmingham, UK

²TNO Automotive, Crash Safety Centre, The Netherlands

Abstract and keywords

Pedestrian computer model validation currently relies on published data from cadaver tests, which are impact specific. Both the ethical and cost issues make large scale testing of various impact scenarios and body sizes unfeasible. This study focuses on modelling a realworld accident to determine how such a methodology can be used to further validate and improve current pedestrian human-body models. A scaled version of the TNO 5th percentile female pedestrian model has been validated and applied to reconstruct a fatal accident using a detailed vehicle model. Further impact scenarios have been explored to allow the "injury variation" based on stiffness and pedestrian position.

Keywords: Pedestrians; MADYMO; Multibody; accident reconstructions

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2003	Ishikawa T, Kore H, Furumoto A, Kuroda S. Evaluation of pedestrian protection structures using impactors and full-scale dummy tests. In: Proceedings of the 18th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 19-22, 2003; Nagoya, Japan.
2003	van Rooij L, Bhalla K, Meissner M, Ivarsson J, Crandall J, Longhitano D, Takahashi Y, Dokko Y, Kikuchi Y. Pedestrian crash reconstruction using multi-body modeling with geometrically detailed, validated vehicle models and advanced pedestrian injury criteria. In: Proceedings of the 18th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 19-22, 2003; Nagoya, Japan.
2002	Bhalla K, Montazemi P, Crandall J, Yang J, Liu X, Dokko Y, Takahashi Y, Kikuchi Y, Longhitano D. Vehicle impact velocity prediction from pedestrian throw distance: trade-offs between throw formulae, crash simulators, and detailed multi-body modeling. In: Proceedings of the 2002 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 18-20, 2002; Munich, Germany.
2002	Iwamoto M, Kisanuki Y, Watanabe I, Furusu K, Miki K, Hasegawa J. Development of a finite element model of the total human model for safety (THUMS) and application to injury reconstruction. In: Proceedings of the 2002 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 18-20, 2002; Munich, Germany.
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2017	Klug C, Feist F, Raffler M, Sinz W, Petit P, Ellway J, van Ratingen M. Development of a procedure to compare kinematics of human body models for pedestrian simulations. In: Proceedings of the 2017 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 13-15, 2017; Antwerp, Belgium.508-530.
2003	Van Hoof J, De Lange R, Wismans JSHM. Improving pedestrian safety using numerical human models. Stapp Car Crash J. 2003;47:401-436. SAE 2003-22-0018.
2005	Roudsari BS, Mock CN, Kaufman R. An evaluation of the association between vehicle type and the source and severity of pedestrian injuries. Traffic Inj Prev. 2005;6(2):185-192.
2020	Shang S. Pedestrian Whole Body Ground Contact Mechanisms and Head Injury Assessment Following Vehicle Impact [PhD thesis]. Trinity College Dublin; April 2020.