Pedestrian leg injuries, the bumper and other front structures

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Ashton, S. J.¹; Pedder, J. B.¹; Mackay, G. M.¹

Pedestrian leg injuries, the bumper and other front structures

Proceedings of the 1977 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact

Affiliations

¹Accident Research Unit, Department of Transportation and Environmental Planning, University of Birmingham. Great Britai
Abstract

The general pattern of injury sustained by a sample of 211 pedestrians struck by the fronts of cars or light goods vehicles is described. Particular attention is paid to the nature, cause and severity of the pelvic and leg injuries sustained The effect of bumper height and bumper lead on the location and incidence of fractures caused by the bumper is examined. The potential for improvement in vehicle front structure design is examined by comparing the overall severity of the injuries actually sustained, with the overall severity of injury that would have been sustained had there been no vehicle induced leg injuries.

Cited Works (3)

Year	Entry
1974	Ashton SJ, Hayes HRM, Mackay GM. Child pedestrian injuries. In: Proceedings of the International Meeting on the Biomechanics of Trauma in Children. September 17-19, 1974; Lyon, France.159-170.
1976	Bacon DGC, Wilson MR. Bumper characteristics for improved pedestrian safety. In: Proceedings of the 20th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 18-20, 1976; Dearborn, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:391-428. SAE 760812.
1967	Mackay GM, de Fonseka CP. Some aspects of traffic injury in urban road accidents. In: Proceedings of the 11th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 10-11, 1967; Anaheim, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:110-124. SAE 670910.

Cited By (10)

Year	Entry
2007	Soni A, Chawla A, Mukherjee S. Effect of muscle contraction on knee loading for a standing pedestrian in lateral impacts. In: Proceedings of the 20th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 18-21, 2007; Lyon, France.
1982	Fowler JE, Harris J. Practical vehicle design for pedestrian protection. In: Proceedings of the 9th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). November 1-4, 1982; Kyoto, Japan.214-224.
1982	Bunketorp O, Aldman B, Thorngren L, Romanus B. Clinical and experimental studies on leg injuries in car-pedestrian accidents. In: Proceedings of the 9th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). November 1-4, 1982; Kyoto, Japan.376-386.
1985	Aldman B, Kajzer J, Anderlind T, Malmqvist M, Mellander H, Turbell T. Load transfer from the striking vehicle in side and pedestrian impacts. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). July 1-4, 1985; Oxford, England.620-637. SAE 856082.
1979	Aldman B, Lundell B, Thorngren L, Bunketorp O, Romanus B. Physical simulation of human leg-bumper impacts. In: Proceedings of the 1979 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 5-7, 1979; Goeteborg, Sweden.232-242.
1979	Ashton SJ, Mackay GM. Some characteristics of the population who suffer trauma as pedestrians when hit by cars and some resulting implications. In: Proceedings of the 1979 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 5-7, 1979; Goeteborg, Sweden.39-48.
2001	Coley G, de Lange R, de Oliveira P, Neal-Sturgess CE, Happee R. Pedestrian human body validation using detailed real-world accidents. In: Proceedings of the 2001 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. October 10-12, 2001; Isle of Man, UK.
1980	Ashton SJ. A preliminary assessment of the potential for pedestrian injury reduction through vehicle design. In: Proceedings of the 24th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 15-17, 1980; Troy, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:609-635. SAE 801315.
2005	Roudsari BS, Mock CN, Kaufman R. An evaluation of the association between vehicle type and the source and severity of pedestrian injuries. Traffic Inj Prev. 2005;6(2):185-192.
1978	Ashton SJ. Pedestrian Injuries and the Car Exterior [PhD thesis]. Birmingham, England: University of Birmingham; February 1978.