Forces and energy changes in the leg during walking

Elftman, Herbert

Year	Entry
1989	Sammarco GJ. Biomechanics of the foot. In: Nordin M, Frankel VH, eds. Basic Biomechanics of the Musculoskeletal System. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lea & Febiger; 1989:163-181.
1965	Paul JP. Bio-engineering studies of the forces transmitted by joints, II: engineering analysis. In: Kenedi RM, ed. Biomechanics and Related Bio-Engineering Topics: Proceedings of a Symposium Held in Glasgow, September 1964. Oxford, UK: Pergamon Press; 1965:369-380.
1965	Contini R, Gage H, Drillis R. Human gait characteristics. In: Kenedi RM, ed. Biomechanics and Related Bio-Engineering Topics: Proceedings of a Symposium Held in Glasgow, September 1964. Oxford, UK: Pergamon Press; 1965:413-431.
1990	Mungiole M, Winters JM. Overview: influence of muscle on cyclic and propulsive movements involving the lower limb. In: Winters JM, Woo SL-Y, eds. Multiple Muscle Systems: Biomechanics and Movement Organization. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag; 1990:chap 35.
1990	van Ingen Schenau GJ; Maarten F. Bobbert, van Soest AJ. The unique action of bi-articular muscles in leg extensions. In: Winters JM, Woo SL-Y, eds. Multiple Muscle Systems: Biomechanics and Movement Organization. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag; 1990:639-652.
1991	Winter DA. The Biomechanics and Motor Control of Human Gait: Normal, Elderly and Pathological. 2nd ed. Waterloo, ON: University of Waterloo Press; 1991.
2009	Winter DA. Biomechanics and Motor Control of Human Movement. 4th ed. Hoboken, NJ: Inc, John Wiley & Sons; 2009.
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1960	Elftman H. The transverse tarsal joint and its control. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1960;160:41-46.
1989	Zajac FE, Gordon ME. Determining muscle's force and action in multi-articular movement. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. January 1989;17(1):187-230.
1997	Kepple TM, Siegel KL, Stanhope SJ. Relative contributions of the lower extremity joint moments to forward progression and support during gait. Gait Post. August 1997;6(1):1-8.
2002	Zajac FE, Neptune RR, Kautz SA. Biomechanics and muscle coordination of human walking, I: introduction to concepts, power transfer, dynamics and simulations. Gait Post. December 2002;16(3):215-232.
2003	Zajac FE, Neptune RR, Kautz SA. Biomechanics and muscle coordination of human walking, II: lessons from dynamical simulations and clinical implications. Gait Post. February 2003;17(1):1-17.
1980	Cavanagh PR, Lafortune MA. Ground reaction forces in distance running. J Biomech. 1980;13(5):397-406.
1980	Gordon D, Winter DA. Mechanical energy generation, absorption and transfer amongst segments during walking. J Biomech. 1980;13(10):845-854.
1980	Winter DA. Overall principle of lower limb support during stance phase of gait. J Biomech. 1980;13(11):923-927.
1983	Winter DA. Moments of force and mechanical power in jogging. J Biomech. 1983;16(1):91-97.
1986	Bobbert MF, Huijing PA, van Ingen Schenau GJ. A model of the human triceps surae muscle-tendon complex applied to jumping. J Biomech. 1986;19(11):887-898.
1988	Bobbert MF, van Ingen Schenau GJ. Coordination in vertical jumping. J Biomech. 1988;21(3):249-262.
1997	Stefanyshyn DJ, Nigg BM. Mechanical energy contribution of the metatarsophalangeal joint to running and sprinting. J Biomech. November–December 1997;30(11-12):1081-1085.
1978	Pedotti A, Krishnan VV, Stark L. Optimization of muscle-force sequencing in human locomotion. Math Biosci. 1978;38(1-2):57-76.
1967	Paul JP. Forces transmitted by joints in the human body. Proc Inst Mech Eng. 1967;181(pt 3J):8-15.
1967	Paul JP. Forces At the Human Hip Joint [PhD thesis]. Glasgow, UK: University of Glasgow; October 1967.
1999	Gillette JC. A Three-Dimensional, Dynamic Model of the Human Body for Lifting Motions [PhD thesis]. Iowa State University; 1999.
1986	Markus TL. A Procedure for the Dynamic Investigation of Human Gait [Master's thesis]. East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University; 1986.
1988	Brodeur RR. Mechanical Work: An Analysis of Its Application to the Study of Human Performance [Master's thesis]. East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University; 1988.
1988	Verstraete MC. A Method for Computing the Three-Dimensional Forces and Moments in the Lower Limb During Locomotion [PhD thesis]. East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University; 1988.
1993	Marchinda DM. A Method for Locating Hip Joint Center and Calculating Three-Dimensional Quasi-Static Hip Joint Moments and Power During Gait [Master's thesis]. East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University; 1993.
1993	Patton JL. Forward Dynamic Modeling of Human Locomotion [Master's thesis]. East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University; 1993.
1977	Norman RWK. The Use of Electromyography in the Calculation of Dynamic Joint Torque [PhD thesis]. State College, PA: Pennsylvania State University; March 1977.
1980	Clarke TE. The Pressure Distribution Under the Foot During Barefoot Walking [PhD thesis]. State College, PA: Pennsylvania State University; November 1980.
1980	Williams KR. A Biomechanical and Physiological Evaluation of Running Efficiency [PhD thesis]. State College, PA: Pennsylvania State University; November 1980.
1997	van Deursen RWM. The Effect of Diabetic Neuropathy on Lower Leg Muscle Spindle Function and Postural Control Strategies [PhD thesis]. State College, PA: Pennsylvania State University; December 1997.
2008	Liu MQ-M. Muscle Contributions to Support and Progression Over a Range of Walking Speeds [PhD thesis]. Stanford University; October 2008.
1996	Stefanyshyn DJ. Mechanical Energy Contributions of the Lower Extremity Joints to Athletic Performance [PhD thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; March 1996.
2004	Kaya M. Coordination of Cat Hindlimb Muscles During Voluntary Movements [PhD thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; February 2004.
1982	Balakrishnan S. The Interpretation of Medio-Lateral Reaction Forces in Human Locomotion Using Body Coordinate Systems [PhD thesis]. Winnipeg, MB: University of Manitoba; March 1982.
1998	Grenier S. Internal Work Measurement and Simultaneous Oxygen Consumption of Impaired and Normal Walking [Master's thesis]. University of Ottawa; 1998.
1981	Ruff CB. Structural Changes in the Lower Limb Bones With Aging At Pecos Pueblo [PhD thesis]. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania; 1981.
1999	Anderson FC III. A Dynamic Optimization Solution for a Complete Cycle of Normal Gait [PhD thesis]. University of Texas at Austin; December 1999.
2019	Honert EC. Ankle and Foot Biomechanics During Human Walking: Powerful Insights on Multiarticular Muscles, Soft Tissues, and Toe Joint Dynamics [PhD thesis]. Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University; May 10, 2019.
2001	Madigan ML. Changes in Lower Extremity Landing Biomechanics Resulting from Fatigue [PhD thesis]. Richmond, VA: Virginia Commonwealth University; July 2001.
1992	Mueller MJ. Effect of Ankle Strength and Mobility on Kinetics of Walking [PhD thesis]. St. Louis, MO: Washington University in St. Louis; December 1992.