A saggital plane biomechanical analysis of 11 slow jogging trials yielded joint moments of force, power curves and positive and negative work at each of the joints of the lower limb. The following can be summarized:
- The total moment of force pattern of the lower limb was primarily extensor during stance and flexor during swing. The hip had an extensor peak at 20%, the knee at 40% and the ankle at 60% of stance.
- The variability of the moment patterns across all trials was considerably less than that seen during natural walking.
- Two power bursts were seen at the ankle, absorption early in stance followed by a dominant generation peak during late push-off. The average peak of power generation was 800 W with individual maximums exceeding 1500 W.
- Power patterns for all trials showed the knee to have five distinct phases: an initial shock absorbing peak during weight acceptance, a small generation burst during early push-off, a major absorption pattern during late push-off continuing until maximum knee flexion, a third absorption peak decelerating the leg and foot prior to impact, and a final small positive burst as the knee flexors rotate the leg posteriorly to further reduce the forward velocity of the foot prior to heel contact.
- Power patterns at the hip were neither large nor consistent indicating the dual role of hip flexors and extensors relative to the trunk and lower limb stability.
- Positive work done by the ankle plantarflexors averaged three times that done by the knee extensors, and in some joggers the ankle muscles generated eight times that of the knee muscles.
- Over the entire stride the knee muscles absorbed 3.6 times as much energy as they generated; the ankle muscles generated 2.9 times as much as they absorbed.