Simulation of car impact to pedestrian lower extremity: influence of different car-front shapes and dummy parameters on test results

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Ishikawa, Hirotoshi¹; Kajzer, Janusz²; Ono, Koshiro¹; Sakurai, Minoru¹

Simulation of car impact to pedestrian lower extremity: influence of different car-front shapes and dummy parameters on test results

Accid Anal Prev. April 1994;26(2):231-242

©1994 Elsevier Science Ltd.

Affiliations

¹Japan Automobile Research Institute, Inc., Kamira, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 30.5, Japan

²Dept. of Injury Prevention, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
Abstract and keywords

Sled impact tests on mechanical substitutes for a pedestrian were conducted as a preliminary study for the purpose of developing a subsystem test procedure for the assessment of car-front aggressiveness to pedestrian legs. Four mechanical substitutes for a pedestrian were used in the tests; the leg of a rotationally symmetrical pedestrian dummy (RSPD) as the representation of a subsystem, a HYBRID-II pedestrian dummy, a modified HYBRID-II pedestrian dummy equipped with a steel bar serving as knee joint, and a RSPD - HYBRID-HP combined dummy in which the lower part of the RSPD and the upper part of the HYBRID-IIP were connected by a joint in such a way that the movements of the upper part were similar to those in cadaver tests. In the tests the following were evaluated: (i) the influence of vehicle shape on knee response and on vehicle impact force; (ii) the influence of the upper body mass on knee response and on vehicle impact forces; (iii) the influence of the bumper system on knee response, the kinematics of pedestrian mechanical substitute, and on vehicle impact forces; (iv) the influence of pedestrian mechanical substitute characteristics on its kinematics and knee response, and on vehicle impact forces. This paper describes a primary concept when subsystem test methods for the assessment of car-front aggressiveness to pedestrian legs in a car-pedestrian collision are considered.

Keywords: Safety; Collision; Pedestrian; Dummy
Links

DOI: 10.1016/0001-4575(94)90093-0

PubMed: 8198692

WoS: A1994NB42300011
History

Received: 1992-11-22

Cited Works (7)

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Cited By (10)

Year	Entry
2005	Ivarsson BJ, Henary B, Crandall JR, Longhitano D. Significance of adult pedestrian torso injury. In: 49th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). September 12-14, 2005; Boston, MA.263-277.
2001	Yang J, Liu X, Lövsund P, Tingvall C, Lie A, Larsson P, Lekander T. Speed limit in city area and improvement of vehicle front design for pedestrian impact protection: a computer simulation study. In: Proceedings of the 17th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 4-7, 2001; Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
2005	Longhitano D, Burke C, Bean J, Watts D, Fakhry S, Meissner M, Ivarsson J, Sherwood C, Crandall J, Takahashi Y, Kadotani Y, Hitchcock R, Kinoshita Y. Application of the CIREN methodology to the study of pedestrian crash injuries. In: Proceedings of the 19th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 6-9, 2005; Washington, DC.
2004	Ivarsson J, Lessley D, Kerrigan J, Bhalla K, Bose D, Crandall J, Kent R. Dynamic response corridors and injury thresholds of the pedestrian lower extremities. In: Proceedings of the 2004 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 22-24, 2004; Graz, Austria.179-191.
2009	Watson J, Hardy R, Kayvantash K. Understanding the nature of cyclists’ head impacts. In: Proceedings of the 2009 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 9-11, 2009; York, UK.301-313.
2005	Ivarsson BJ, Kerrigan JR, Lessley DJ, Drinkwater DC, Kam CY, Murphy DB, Crandall JR, Kent RW. Dynamic response corridors of the human thigh and leg in non-midpoint three-point bending. In: Proceedings of the SAE World Congress & Exhibition. April 11-14, 2005; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers. SAE 2005-01-0305.
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2001	Teresiński G, Mądro R. Knee joint injuries as a reconstructive factors in car-to-pedestrian accidents. Forensic Sci Int. 2001;124(1):74-82.
2002	Liu XJ, Yang JK, Lövsund P. A study of influences of vehicle speed and front structure on pedestrian impact responses using mathematical models. Traffic Inj Prev. 2002;3(1):31-42.
2004	Bose D. Experimental Evaluation of the Human Knee Joint in Pedestrian-Car Impact Loading Environment [Master's thesis]. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia; August 2004.