A study of test methods to evaluate pedestrian protection for cars

wbldb

A study of test methods to evaluate pedestrian protection for cars

Proceedings of the 12th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV)

Affiliations

¹EEVC Working Group 10
Abstract

The European Experimental Vehicles Committee has set up a Working Group to assess and develop test methods for evaluating pedestrian protection for passenger cars. This work is scheduled to be completed by March 1990.

The methods to be considered are sub-systems tests to the bumper, the bonnet leading edge and the bonnet top. Test conditions appropriate for vehicle to pedestrian impacts of up to 40 km/h, will be considered, with adjustments made to the test requirements to allow for the influence of the vehicles' frontal shape.

This report prepared by the Group gives the basic requirement of each sub-systems test, the test methods and the proposed development programmes.

The role of mathematical computer simulation in this work is described and also an outline of compatibility studies to assess any conflict between proposals for pedestrian safety and operational requirements or the requirements of current regulations.

Cited Works (19)

Year	Entry
1985	Janssen EG, Wismans JSHM. Experimental and mathematical simulation of pedestrian-vehicle and cyclist-vehicle accidents. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). July 1-4, 1985; Oxford, England.977-988. SAE 856113.
1985	Aldman B, Kajzer J, Cesari D, Bouquet R, Zac R. A new dummy for pedestrian test. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). July 1-4, 1985; Oxford, England.176-185. SAE 856031.
1985	Harris J. Simplified test recommendations for pedestrian protection. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). July 1-4, 1985; Oxford, England.1041-1044. SAE 856119.
1985	European Experimental Vehicle Committee. Pedestrian injury protection by car design. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). July 1-4, 1985; Oxford, England.965-976. SAE 856112.
1987	Lawrence GJL, Harris J. Car to pedestrian impact energies and their apptication to sub-system testing. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). May 12-15, 1987; Washington, DC.797-805.
1987	Janssen EG, Wismans J. Evaluation of vehicle-cyclist impacts through dummy and human cadaver tests. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). May 12-15, 1987; Washington, DC.815-821.
1989	Lawrence GJL. The influence of car shape on pedestrian impact energies and its application to sub-system tests. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). May 29–June 1, 1989; Göteborg, Sweden.1253-1265.
1982	European Experimental Vehicle Committee. Pedestrian injury accidents. In: Proceedings of the 9th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). November 1-4, 1982; Kyoto, Japan.638-671.
1985	Stürtz G. Experimental simulation of the pedestrian impact. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). July 1-4, 1985; Oxford, England.1045-1052. SAE 856120.
1982	Wismans J, van Wijk J. Mathematical models for the assessment of pedestrian protection provided by a car contour. In: Proceedings of the 9th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). November 1-4, 1982; Kyoto, Japan.205-213.
1983	Cavallero C, Cesari D, Ramet M, Billault P, Farisse J, Seriat-Gautier B, Bonnoit J. Improvement of pedestrian safety: influence of shape of passenger car-front structures upon pedestrian kinematics and injuries: evaluation based on 50 cadaver tests. In: Proceedings of the SAE International Congress & Exposition. February 28–March 4, 1983; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers. SAE 830624.
1985	Malliaris AC, Hitchcock R, Hansen M. Harm causation and ranking in car crashes. In: Proceedings of the SAE International Congress & Exposition. February 27–March 2, 1985; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers. SAE 850090.
1988	Cesari D, Cavallero C, Cassan F, Moffatt C. Interaction between human leg and car bumper in pedestrian tests. In: Proceedings of the 1988 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 14-16, 1988; Bergisch-Gladbach, West Germany.259-269.
1985	Hobbs CA, Lawrence GJL, Clarke CS. PSC1: a demonstration car with improvements for pedestrian protection. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). July 1-4, 1985; Oxford, England.31-38. SAE 856011.
1987	Hamilton MN. Experimental study of thoracic injury in child pedestrians. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). May 12-15, 1987; Washington, DC.805-814.
1987	Kessler JW. Development of countermeasures to reduce pedestrian head injury. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). May 12-15, 1987; Washington, DC.784-796.
1987	MacLaughlin TF, Hoyt TA, Chu S-M. NHTSA's advanced pedestrian protection program. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). May 12-15, 1987; Washington, DC.771-777.
1985	Harris J, Grew ND. The influence of car design on pedestrian protection. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). July 1-4, 1985; Oxford, England.1009-1022. SAE 856116.
1985	Lestrelin D, Brun-Cassan F, Fayon A, Tarriere C. Vehicle pedestrian head impact: a computer method for rating a profile without previous mathematical modelization. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). July 1-4, 1985; Oxford, England.949-954. SAE 856110.

Cited By (10)

Year	Entry
1998	Clemo KC, Davies RG. The practicalities of pedestrian protection. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 31–June 4, 1998; Windsor, Ontario, Canada.2293-2305.
2003	Ishikawa T, Kore H, Furumoto A, Kuroda S. Evaluation of pedestrian protection structures using impactors and full-scale dummy tests. In: Proceedings of the 18th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 19-22, 2003; Nagoya, Japan.
2005	Crandall J, Wiley K, Longhitano D, Akiyama A. Development of performance specifications for a pedestrian research dummy. In: Proceedings of the 19th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 6-9, 2005; Washington, DC.
1991	Ishikawa H, Yamazaki K, Ono K, Sasaki A. Current situation of pedestrian accidents and research into pedestrian protection in Japan. In: Proceedings of the 13th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). November 4-7, 1991; Paris, France.281-293.
1992	Bermond F, Cesari D, Alonzo F, Matyjewski M. Mathematical simulation of the pedestrian leg in lateral impact. In: Proceedings of the 1992 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 9-11, 1992; Verona, Italy.61-72.
1992	Ishikawa H, Kajzer J, Ono K, Sakurai M. Simulation of car impact to pedestrian lower extremity: influence of different car-front shapes and dummy parameters on test results. In: Proceedings of the 1992 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 9-11, 1992; Verona, Italy.1-12.
1993	Kajzer J, Cavallero C, Bonnoit J, Morjane A, Ghanouchi S. Response of the knee joint in lateral impact: effect of bending moment. In: Proceedings of the 1993 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 8-10, 1993; Eindhoven, The Netherlands.105-116.
1999	Huang TJ, McDonald J, Artis M, Rangarajan N, Shams T, White RP Jr, Beach D, Campbell R Jr, Akiyama A, Yoshida S, Ishikawa H, Konosu A. Development of a biofidelic dummy for car-pedestrian accident studies. In: Proceedings of the 1999 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 23-24, 1999; Sitges, Spain.315-327.
1994	Ishikawa H, Kajzer J, Ono K, Sakurai M. Simulation of car impact to pedestrian lower extremity: influence of different car-front shapes and dummy parameters on test results. Accid Anal Prev. April 1994;26(2):231-242.
2002	Liu XJ, Yang JK, Lövsund P. A study of influences of vehicle speed and front structure on pedestrian impact responses using mathematical models. Traffic Inj Prev. 2002;3(1):31-42.