Subsystem test for pedestrian lower leg and knee protection

wbldb

Cesari, D.¹; Alonzo, F.¹; Matyjewski, M.¹

Subsystem test for pedestrian lower leg and knee protection

Proceedings of the 13th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV)

Affiliations

¹INRETS
Abstract

Several European research institutes developed in a joint programme sponsored by the European Communities a set of subsystem tests to evaluate the protection offered by a car in a pedestrian collision. In this programme we have developed an instrumented mechanical leg to be used in the bumper impact sub system test. The development of this subsystem test took into account the pedestrian accident characteristics, the injury mechanisms and human tolerance. The capability of the mechanical leg to predict the risk of leg injuries was validated with model simulations and impact tests.

Cited Works (4)

Year	Entry
1985	Aldman B, Kajzer J, Anderlind T, Malmqvist M, Mellander H, Turbell T. Load transfer from the striking vehicle in side and pedestrian impacts. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). July 1-4, 1985; Oxford, England.620-637. SAE 856082.
1989	Vallee H, Thomas C, Tarriere C. Pedestrian casualties: the decreasing statistical trend. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). May 29–June 1, 1989; Göteborg, Sweden.1273-1278.
1989	Cesari D, Cavallero C, Roche H. Mechanisms producing lower extremity injuries in pedestrian accident situations. In: 33rd Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 2-4, 1989; Baltimore, MD.415-422.
1990	Kajzer J, Cavallero C, Ghanouchi S, Bonnoit J, Ghorbel A. Response of the knee joint in lateral impact: effect of shearing loads. In: Proceedings of the 1990 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 12-14, 1990; Lyon, France.293-304.

Cited By (16)

Year	Entry
1994	EEVC Working Group 10 Report: Proposals for Methods to Evaluate Pedestrian Protection for Passenger Cars. European Enhanced Vehicle-Safety Committee (EEVC); November 1994.
1994	Bermond F, Ramet M, Bouquet R, Cesari D. A finite element model of the pedestrian leg in lateral impact. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 23-26, 1994; Munich, Germany.199-209.
1994	Sakurai M, Kobayashi K, Ono K, Sasaki A. Evaluation of pedestrian protection test procedure in Japan: influence of upper body mass on leg impact test. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 23-26, 1994; Munich, Germany.1114-1130.
1994	Cesari D, Bouquet R, Caire Y, Bermond F. Protection of pedestrians against leg injuries. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 23-26, 1994; Munich, Germany.1131-1138.
1996	Janssen EG; EEVC WG10. EEVC test methods to evaluate pedestrian protection afforded by passengers cars. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 13-16, 1996; Melbourne, Australia.1212-1225.
2001	Takahashi Y, Kikuchi Y. Biofidelity of test devices and validity of injury criteria for evaluating knee injuries to pedestrians. In: Proceedings of the 17th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 4-7, 2001; Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
2003	Berg A, Egelhaaf M, Ebner H-T. Estimation of benefits resulting from impactor-testing for pedestrian protection. In: Proceedings of the 18th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 19-22, 2003; Nagoya, Japan.
2003	Bhalla K, Bose D, Madeley NJ, Kerrigan J, Crandall J, Longhitano D, Takahashi Y. Evaluation of the response of mechanical pedestrian knee joint impactors in bending and shear loading. In: Proceedings of the 18th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 19-22, 2003; Nagoya, Japan.
2005	Takahashi Y, Kikuchi Y, Okamoto M, Akiyama A, Ivarsson J, Bose D, Subit D, Shin J, Crandall J. Biofidelity evaluation for the knee and leg of the polar pedestrian dummy. In: Proceedings of the 19th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 6-9, 2005; Washington, DC.
1991	Harris J. Proposals for test methods to evaluate pedestrian protection for cars. In: Proceedings of the 13th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). November 4-7, 1991; Paris, France.293-302.
1992	Bermond F, Cesari D, Alonzo F, Matyjewski M. Mathematical simulation of the pedestrian leg in lateral impact. In: Proceedings of the 1992 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 9-11, 1992; Verona, Italy.61-72.
1992	Ishikawa H, Kajzer J, Ono K, Sakurai M. Simulation of car impact to pedestrian lower extremity: influence of different car-front shapes and dummy parameters on test results. In: Proceedings of the 1992 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 9-11, 1992; Verona, Italy.1-12.
1993	Bermond F, Ramet M, Bouquet R, Cesari D. A finite element model of the pedestrian knee-joint in lateral impact. In: Proceedings of the 1993 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 8-10, 1993; Eindhoven, The Netherlands.117-129.
1994	Cesari D, Bermond F, Caire Y, Bouquet R. Optimization of pedestrian leg injury protection using a biofidelic human leg. In: Proceedings of the 1994 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 21-23, 1994; Lyon, France.303-313.
1994	Ishikawa H, Kajzer J, Ono K, Sakurai M. Simulation of car impact to pedestrian lower extremity: influence of different car-front shapes and dummy parameters on test results. Accid Anal Prev. April 1994;26(2):231-242.
2014	Kinsky T. Die Applikation des neuen flexiblen Beinprüfkörpers für die Fußgängerschutztests [PhD thesis]. Graz University of Technology; September 2014.