The axial injury tolerance of the human foot/ankle complex and the effect of Achilles tension

Funk, James R.; Crandall, Jeff R.; Tourret, Lisa J.; MacMahon, Conor B.; Bass, Cameron R.; Patrie, James T.; Khaewpong, Nopporn; Eppinger, Rolf H.

Year	Entry
2011	Bose D, Crandall JR, McGwin G, Goldman J, Foster J, Fine PR. Computational methodology to predict injury risk for motor vehicle crash victims: a framework for improving Advanced Automatic Crash Notification systems. Transport Res Pt C-Emerg Technol. December 2011;19(6):1048-1059.
2011	Frimenko R, Lievers WB, Riley P, Crandall J, Bolton J, Kent R. The development of a method to induce injurious hyperextension of the first metatarsophalangeal joint. 35th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Biomechanics (ASB); August 10-13, 2011; Long Beach, CA.
2005	Manseau J, Keown M. Development of an assessment methodology for lower leg injuries resulting from anti-vehicular blast landmines. In: Gilchrist MD, ed. IUTAM Symposium on Impact Biomechanics: From Fundamental Insights to Applications. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer; 2005:33-40. Solid Mechanics and Its Applications; vol 124.
2005	van der Horst MJ, Simms CK, van Maasdam R, Leerdam PJC. Occupant lower leg injury assessment in landmine detonations under a vehicle. In: Gilchrist MD, ed. IUTAM Symposium on Impact Biomechanics: From Fundamental Insights to Applications. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer; 2005:41-49. Solid Mechanics and Its Applications; vol 124.
2015	Salzar RS, Lievers WB, Bailey AM, Crandall JR. Leg, foot, and ankle injury biomechanics. In: Yoganandan N, Nahum AM, Melvin JW, eds. Accidental Injury: Biomechanics and Prevention. 3rd ed. New York: Springer; 2015:499-547.
2004	Madeley NJ, Srinivasan CMS, Crandall JR, Hurwitz S, Funk J. Retrospective analysis of malleolar fractures in an impact environment. In: 48th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). September 13-15, 2004; Key Biscayne, FL.235-248.
2010	Cormier J, Manoogian S, Bisplinghoff J, Rowson S, Santago A, McNally C, Duma S, Bolte J IV. The tolerance of the nasal bone to blunt impact. In: 54th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 17-20, 2010; Las Vegas, NV.3-13.
2013	Gallenberger K, Yoganandan N, Pintar F. Biomechanics of foot/ankle trauma with variable energy impacts. In: 57th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). September 22-25, 2013; Quebec City, QC.123-132.
2017	Wang Z, McInnis J, Benfant L, Feng Z, Lee E. THOR 5th percentile female ATD design. In: Proceedings of the 25th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 5-8, 2017; Detroit, MI.
2004	Funk JR, Crandall JR. Calculation of long bone loading using strain gauges. In: Proceedings of the 32nd International Workshop on Human Subjects for Biomechanical Research. 2004.85-102.
2010	Van Toen C, Street J, Oxland TR, Cripton PA. Acoustic emissions from thoracic vertebral bodies and spinal ligaments during failure. In: Proceedings of the 38th International Workshop on Human Subjects for Biomechanical Research. 2010.
2005	Manseau J, Keown M. Evaluation of the complex lower leg (CLL) for its use in anti-vehicular mine testing applications. In: Proceedings of the 2005 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 21-23, 2005; Prague, Czech Republic.299-310.
2009	Crandall J. Simulating the road forward: the role of computational modeling in realizing future opportunities in traffic safety. In: Proceedings of the 2009 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 9-11, 2009; York, UK.3-27.
2012	Masouros SD, Newell N, Bonner TJ, Ramasamy A, Hill AM, West ATH, Clasper JC, Bull AMJ. A standing vehicle occupant is likely to sustain a more severe injury than one who has flexed knees in an under‐vehicle explosion: a cadaveric study. In: Proceedings of the 2012 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 12-14, 2012; Dublin, Ireland.289-295.
2013	Henderson KA, Bailey AM, Christopher JJ, Brozoski F, Salzar RS. Biomechanical response of the lower leg under high rate loading. In: Proceedings of the 2013 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 11-13, 2013; Gothenburg, Sweden.145-157.
2013	Bailey AM, Christopher JJ, Henderson K, Brozoski F, Salzar RS. Comparison of Hybrid‐III and PMHS response to simulated underbody blast loading conditions. In: Proceedings of the 2013 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 11-13, 2013; Gothenburg, Sweden.158-170.
2014	Van Toen C, Street J, Oxland TR, Cripton PA. Acoustic emission signals from injuries of three‐vertebra specimens. In: Proceedings of the 2014 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 10-12, 2014; Berlin, Germany.176-185.
2014	Perry BJ, Gabler L, Bailey A, Henderson K, Brozoski F, Salzar RS. Lower extremity characterization and injury mitigation. In: Proceedings of the 2014 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 10-12, 2014; Berlin, Germany.186-197.
2014	Bailey AM, Panzer MB, Salzar RS. Development of a transfer function for interpreting Hybrid‐III lower leg data from axial loading. In: Proceedings of the 2014 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 10-12, 2014; Berlin, Germany.213-223.
2014	Alai AL, Salzar RS. Measurement of force in IED vehicle interactions. In: Proceedings of the 2014 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 10-12, 2014; Berlin, Germany.785-795.
2014	Gabler LF, Panzer MB, Salzar RS. High‐rate mechanical properties of human heel pad for simulation of a blast loading condition. In: Proceedings of the 2014 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 10-12, 2014; Berlin, Germany.796-808.
2014	Jin X, Begeman PC, Zhu F, Zhao H, Chen C, Tannous RE, Yang KH. Determining human tibia loads under simulated underbelly blast loading. In: Proceedings of the 2014 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 10-12, 2014; Berlin, Germany.823-824.
2016	Shridharani JK, Bigler BR, Cox CA, Ortiz‐Paparoni MA, Bass CRD. Sensitive injury detection in the cervical spine using acoustic emission and continuous wavelet transform. In: Proceedings of the 2016 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 14-16, 2016; Malaga, Spain.131-142.
2017	Roberts CW, Kerrigan JR, Forman JL. Shod and unshod kinematic response of the female lower extremity under dorsiflexion loading. In: Proceedings of the 2017 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 13-15, 2017; Antwerp, Belgium.713-714.
2019	Spivey W, O’Cain C, Gepner B, Spratley E, Roberts C, Kerrigan J. Development of a muscle actuated robotic system (MARS) for the investigation of lower extremity bony kinematics. In: Proceedings of the 2019 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 11-13, 2019; Florence, Italy.529-530.
2019	Hostetler ZS, Aira J, Stitzel JD, Gayzik FS. A computational study of the biomechanical response of the human lower extremity subjected to high rate vertical accelerative loading. In: Proceedings of the 2019 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 11-13, 2019; Florence, Italy.662-672.
2019	de Lange J, Quenneville CE. Evaluation of the distribution of forces on the foot under axial impact loading to assess variations among altered ankle postures between two ATD models. In: Proceedings of the 2019 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 11-13, 2019; Florence, Italy.673-683.
2020	de Lange J, Quenneville CE. Investigation of the biofidelity of the MIL-Lx foot. In: Proceedings of the 2020 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. 2020; Munich, Germany.647-658.
2021	Hostetler ZS, Aira J, Caffrey J, Gayzik FS. Analyzing the force variation and response of a human body finite element model in the underbody blast environment. In: Proceedings of the 2021 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 8-10, 2021; Online.616-625.
2009	Cormier J, Bisplinghoff J, Manoogian S, Rowson S, Santago A, McNally C, Bolte J, Duma S. The tolerance and response of the frontal bone to blunt impact. In: Proceedings of the 5th Ohio State University Injury Biomechanics Symposium. May 17-19, 2009; Columbus, OH.
2015	Smolen C, Quenneville CE. Quantifying the effect of ankle posture on the positions of bones of the foot/ankle complex. In: Proceedings of the 11th Ohio State University Injury Biomechanics Symposium. May 17-19, 2015; Columbus, OH.
2016	Chakravarty A, Martinez A, Quenneville CE. The effect of occupant posture on the risk of fracture in the human tibia under dynamic impact loading. In: Proceedings of the 12th Ohio State University Injury Biomechanics Symposium. June 5-7, 2016; Columbus, OH.
2016	Martinez A, Chakravarty A, Quenneville CE. The effect of impulse on the axial fracture tolerance of the isolated tibia during automotive and military impacts. In: Proceedings of the 12th Ohio State University Injury Biomechanics Symposium. June 5-7, 2016; Columbus, OH.
2004	Kent RW, Funk JR. Data censoring and parametric distribution assignment in the development of injury risk functions from biochemical data. In: Proceedings of the SAE World Congress & Exhibition. March 8-11, 2004; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers. SAE 2004-01-0317.
2007	Untaroiu C, Kerrigan J, Kam C, Crandall J, Yamazaki K, Fukuyama K, Kamiji K, Yasuki T, Funk J. Correlation of strain and loads measured in the long bones with observed kinematics of the lower limb during vehicle-pedestrian impacts. Stapp Car Crash J. 2007;51:433-466. SAE 2007-22-0018.
2008	Chang C-Y, Rupp JD, Kikuchi N, Schneider LW. Development of a finite element model to study the effects of muscle forces on knee-thigh-hip injuries in frontal crashes. Stapp Car Crash J. 2008;52:475-504. SAE 2008-22-0018.
2009	McKay BJ, Bir CA. Lower extremity injury criteria for evaluating military vehicle occupant injury in underbelly blast events. Stapp Car Crash J. 2009;53:229-249. SAE 2009-22-0009.
2012	Cutcliffe HC, Schmidt AL, Lucas JE, Bass CRD. How few? Bayesian statistics in injury biomechanics. Stapp Car Crash J. October 2012;56:349-386.
2017	Parent D, Craig M, Moorhouse K. Biofidelity evaluation of the THOR and Hybrid III 50th percentile male frontal impact anthropomorphic test devices. Stapp Car Crash J. November 2017;61:227-276. SAE 2017-22-0009.
2010	Bose D, Crandall JR, Untaroiu CD, Maslen EH. Influence of pre-collision occupant parameters on injury outcome in a frontal collision. Accid Anal Prev. July 2010;42(4):1398-1407.
2016	Yoganandan N, Chirvi S, Pintar FA, Uppal H, Schlick M, Banerjee A, Voo L, Merkle A, Kleinberger M. Foot–ankle fractures and injury probability curves from post-mortem human surrogate tests. Ann Biomed Eng. October 2016;44(10):2937-2947.
2017	Chakravarty AB, Martinez AA, Quenneville CE. The injury tolerance of the tibia under off-axis impact loading. Ann Biomed Eng. June 2017;45(6):1534-1542.
2017	Smolen C, Quenneville CE. A finite element model of the foot/ankle to evaluate injury risk in various postures. Ann Biomed Eng. August 2017;45(8):1993-2008.
2011	Funk JR. Ankle injury mechanisms: lessons learned from cadaveric studies. Clin Anat. April 2011;24(3):350-361.
2012	Frimenko RE, Lievers WB, Coughlin MJ, Anderson RB, Crandall JR, Kent RW. Etiology and biomechanics of first metatarsophalangeal joint sprains (turf toe) in athletes. Crit Rev Biomed Eng. 2012;40(1):43-61.
2015	Ye X, Funk J, Forbes A, Hurwitz S, Shaw G, Crandall J, Freeth R, Michetti C, Rudd R, Scarboro M. Case series analysis of hindfoot injuries sustained by drivers in frontal motor vehicle crashes. Forensic Sci Int. September 2015;254:18-25.
2004	Hardin EC, Su A, van den Bogert AJ. Foot and ankle forces during an automobile collision: the influence of muscles. J Biomech. 2004;37(5):637-644.
2012	Van Toen C, Street J, Oxland TR, Cripton PA. Acoustic emission signals can discriminate between compressive bone fractures and tensile ligament injuries in the spine during dynamic loading. J Biomech. June 1, 2012;45(9):1643-1649.
2016	Yoganandan N, Banerjee A, Hsu F-C, Bass CR, Voo L, Pintar FA, Gayzik FS. Deriving injury risk curves using survival analysis from biomechanical experiments. J Biomech. October 3, 2016;49(14):3260-3267.
2010	Quenneville CE, Fraser GS, Dunning CE. Development of an apparatus to produce fractures from short-duration high-impulse loading with an application in the lower leg. J Biomech Eng. January 2010;132(1):014502.
2011	Cormier J, Manoogian S, Bisplinghoff J, Rowson S, Santago A, McNally C, Duma S, Bolte J IV. The tolerance of the frontal bone to blunt impact. J Biomech Eng. February 2011;133(2):021004.
2020	Ott K, Drewry D III, Luongo M, Andrist J, Armiger R, Titus J, Demetropoulos C. Comparison of human surrogate responses in underbody blast loading conditions. J Biomech Eng. September 2020;142(9):091010.
2017	Yoganandan N, Chirvi S, Voo L, DeVogel N, Pintar FA, Banerjee A. Foot-ankle complex injury risk curves using calcaneus bone mineral density data. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. August 2017;72:246-251.
2018	Martinez AA, Chakravarty AB, Quenneville CE. The effect of impact duration on the axial fracture tolerance of the isolated tibia during automotive and military impacts. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. February 2018;78:315.
2011	Quenneville CE, McLachlin SD, Greeley GS, Dunning CE. Injury tolerance criteria for short-duration axial impulse loading of the isolated tibia. J Trauma. January 2011;70(1):E13-E18.
2013	Frimenko RE, Lievers WB, Riley PO, Park JS, Hogan MV, Crandall JR, Kent RW. Development of an injury risk function for first metatarsophalangeal joint sprains. Med Sci Sports Exer. November 2013;45(11):2144-2150.
2011	Ramasamy A, Masouros SD, Newell N, Hill AM, Proud WG, Brown KA, Bull AMJ, Clasper JC. In-vehicle extremity injuries from improvised explosive devices: current and future foci. Philos Trans R Soc B. January 27, 2011;366(1562):160-170.
2016	Smolen C, Quenneville CE. The effect of ankle posture on the load pathway through the hindfoot. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part H-J Eng Med. November 2016;230(11):1024-1035.
2016	Van Tuyl J, Burkhart TA, Quenneville CE. Effect of posture on forces and moments measured in a Hybrid III ATD lower leg. Traffic Inj Prev. May 18, 2016;17(4):381-385.
2016	Shridharani JK. Injury Detection and Localization in the Spine Using Acoustic Emission [PhD thesis]. Duke University; 2016.
2013	Newell N. Foot and Ankle Blast Injury and Its Mitigation [PhD thesis]. Imperial College London; June 2013.
2016	Grigoriadis G. Heel Biomechanics Under Blast Conditions [PhD thesis]. Imperial College London; June 2016.
2017	Christou A. Modelling Spinal Injury Due to High-Rate Axial Loading [PhD thesis]. Imperial College London; June 2017.
2020	de Victoria Pereira Rebelo EA. Injury and Protection of the Foot and Ankle in Under-Body Blast [PhD thesis]. Imperial College London; August 2020.
2013	Gallenberger KA. Foot and Ankle Injuries in Variable Energy Impacts [Master's thesis]. Marquette University; May 2013.
2014	Van Tuyl JT. Development of a Force Sensing Insole to Quantify Impact Loading to the Foot in Various Postures [Master's thesis]. Hamilton, ON: McMaster University; 2014.
2015	Smolen C. Evaluation of the Load Path Through the Foot/ankle Complex in Various Postures Through Cadaveric and Finite Element Model Testing [Master's thesis]. Hamilton, ON: McMaster University; September 2015.
2016	Chakravarty AB. The Effects of Off-Axis Loading on Fracture Risk in the Human Tibia [Master's thesis]. Hamilton, ON: McMaster University; September 2016.
2016	Martinez AA. The Effect of Load Rate on the Axial Fracture Tolerance of the Isolated Tibia During Automotive and Military Impacts [Master's thesis]. Hamilton, ON: McMaster University; 2016.
2019	de Lange J. Biomechanical Tools for Assessing Foot and Ankle Injury Risk in Frontal Automotive Collisions [Master's thesis]. Hamilton, ON: McMaster University; 2019.
2013	Van Toen CY. Biomechanics of Cervical Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Under Combined Axial Compression and Lateral Bending Loading [PhD thesis]. Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia; December 2013.
2016	Gustafson HM. Quantifying the Response of Vertebral Bodies to Compressive Loading Using Digital Image Correlation [PhD thesis]. Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia; October 2016.
2009	Chang C-Y. Prediction of the Effects of Lower-Extremity Muscle Forces on Knee, Thigh, and Hip Injuries in Frontal Motor Vehicle Crashes [PhD thesis]. University of Michigan; 2009.
2008	Bose D. Numerical Estimation of Occupant State Parameters in a Dynamic Loading Environment [PhD thesis]. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia; August 2008.
2014	McNamara M. Development of an Interdisciplinary Simulation Environment for Traffic Safety Modeling [Master's thesis]. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia; May 2014.
2016	Bailey AM. Injury Assessment for the Human Leg Exposed to Axial Impact Loading [PhD thesis]. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia; September 2016.
2016	Christopher JJ. Biomechanical Response of the Human Pelvis: A High-Rate Vertical Loading Pilot Study [Master's thesis]. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia; May 2016.
2011	Burkhart TA. Biomechanics of the Upper Extremity in Response to Dynamic Impact Loading Indicative of a Forward Fall: An Experimental and Numerical Investigation [PhD thesis]. University of Windsor; 2011.
2009	Cormier JM. Epidemiology and Biomechanical Analysis of Facial Fractures [PhD thesis]. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; February 6, 2009.
2015	Beeman SM. Biomechanical Response of Human Volunteers and Surrogates in a Variety of Loading Regimes [PhD thesis]. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; 2015.
2018	Cristino DM. Lower Extremity Biomechanical Response of Female and Male Post-Mortem Human Surrogates to High-Rate Vertical Loading During Simulated Under-Body Blast Events [PhD thesis]. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; December 13, 2018.
2020	Ceritano DW. Sex-Based Differences in Calcaneal Injury Tolerances Under High-Rate Loading [Master's thesis]. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; May 22, 2020.
2010	McKay BJ. Development of Lower Extremity Injury Criteria and Biomechanical Surrogate to Evaluate Military Vehicle Occupant Injury During an Explosive Blast Event [PhD thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; 2010.
2009	Quenneville CE. Experimental and Numerical Assessments of Injury Criteria for Short-Duration, High-Force Impact Loading of the Tibia [PhD thesis]. University of Western Ontario; December 2009.
2013	Reeves JM. Development and Assessment of an Impact Apparatus and High-Speed Camera Motion Tracking System to Quantify the Effect of Static Muscle Loads on Fracture Threshold Measures in the Distal Radius [Master's thesis]. University of Western Ontario; 2013.

Year	Entry
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