Biomechanics of foot/ankle trauma with variable energy impacts

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Gallenberger, Kathryn¹; Yoganandan, Narayan¹; Pintar, Frank¹

Biomechanics of foot/ankle trauma with variable energy impacts

57th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM)

© Annals of Advances in Automotive Medicine

Affiliations

¹Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
Abstract

A total of 60 pendulum impacts to the plantar surface of 15 lower limb PMHS specimens were conducted. Impact conditions were chosen to obtain data from high velocity tests without injury. For 19 impacts the specimen was initially positioned in 20-deg of dorsiflexion. The remaining impacts used neutral positioning. The foot-ankle response was investigated based on impact energy and velocity. Response was characterized by heel pad and joint stiffness. For neutral tests, axial force vs compression corridors were developed for 2-3 m/s, 4-6 m/s, and 7-63 J impacts. For dorsiflexion tests corridors of 1-3 m/s, 6-8 m/s, 7-20 J, and 80-100 J were developed. These results indicate foot/ankle response is not more sensitive to impact energy than velocity. Injury risk curves were developed for both neutral and dorsiflexion positioning using logistic regression. Strain gage data were used to obtain uncensored force values for injury analysis. In neutral, 50% probability of injury occurred at 6800 N. In dorsiflexion, 50% probability occurred at 7900 N, but the regression was not statistically significant. These preliminary results indicate dorsiflexed specimens fracture at a higher force than neutral specimens.
Links

PubMedCentral: PMC3861818

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2016	Grigoriadis G, Carpanen D, Bull AMJ, Masouros SD. A finite element model of the foot and ankle for prediction of injury in under‐body blast. In: Proceedings of the 2016 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 14-16, 2016; Malaga, Spain.457-458.
2019	Hostetler ZS, Aira J, Stitzel JD, Gayzik FS. A computational study of the biomechanical response of the human lower extremity subjected to high rate vertical accelerative loading. In: Proceedings of the 2019 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 11-13, 2019; Florence, Italy.662-672.
2020	Roy R, Spurlock CM, Butz KD, Lister K. Incorporating hierarchical soft-tissue failure in whole body finite element models. In: Proceedings of the 2020 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. 2020; Munich, Germany.217-218.
2016	Chakravarty A, Martinez A, Quenneville CE. The effect of occupant posture on the risk of fracture in the human tibia under dynamic impact loading. In: Proceedings of the 12th Ohio State University Injury Biomechanics Symposium. June 5-7, 2016; Columbus, OH.
2016	Martinez A, Chakravarty A, Quenneville CE. The effect of impulse on the axial fracture tolerance of the isolated tibia during automotive and military impacts. In: Proceedings of the 12th Ohio State University Injury Biomechanics Symposium. June 5-7, 2016; Columbus, OH.
2016	Yoganandan N, Chirvi S, Pintar FA, Uppal H, Schlick M, Banerjee A, Voo L, Merkle A, Kleinberger M. Foot–ankle fractures and injury probability curves from post-mortem human surrogate tests. Ann Biomed Eng. October 2016;44(10):2937-2947.
2017	Chakravarty AB, Martinez AA, Quenneville CE. The injury tolerance of the tibia under off-axis impact loading. Ann Biomed Eng. June 2017;45(6):1534-1542.
2018	Martinez AA, Chakravarty AB, Quenneville CE. The effect of impact duration on the axial fracture tolerance of the isolated tibia during automotive and military impacts. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. February 2018;78:315.
2016	Grigoriadis G. Heel Biomechanics Under Blast Conditions [PhD thesis]. Imperial College London; June 2016.
2020	de Victoria Pereira Rebelo EA. Injury and Protection of the Foot and Ankle in Under-Body Blast [PhD thesis]. Imperial College London; August 2020.
2016	Chakravarty AB. The Effects of Off-Axis Loading on Fracture Risk in the Human Tibia [Master's thesis]. Hamilton, ON: McMaster University; September 2016.
2016	Martinez AA. The Effect of Load Rate on the Axial Fracture Tolerance of the Isolated Tibia During Automotive and Military Impacts [Master's thesis]. Hamilton, ON: McMaster University; 2016.
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2016	Bailey AM. Injury Assessment for the Human Leg Exposed to Axial Impact Loading [PhD thesis]. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia; September 2016.
2018	Cristino DM. Lower Extremity Biomechanical Response of Female and Male Post-Mortem Human Surrogates to High-Rate Vertical Loading During Simulated Under-Body Blast Events [PhD thesis]. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; December 13, 2018.