Analysis of the effect of using two different strain rates on the acoustic emission in bone

wbldb

Fischer, Richard A.¹; Arms, Steven W.¹; Pope, Malcolm H.¹; Seligson, David¹

Analysis of the effect of using two different strain rates on the acoustic emission in bone

J Biomech. 1986;19(2):119-127

©1986 Pergamon Press Ltd

Affiliations

¹Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT O5405, U.S.A.
Abstract

To study the effect of strain rate on the acoustic emission amplitude signature of bone, bovine cortical bone was milled into standard tensile specimens which were tested at two different strain rates while being monitored with acoustic emission equipment.

It was demonstrated that the amplitude distribution of the acoustic events in bone is dependent on strain rate. Greater numbers of events occurred with the slower strain rate (0.0001 s⁻¹), but these events were of lower amplitude than those emitted during the more rapid strain rate (0.01 s⁻¹). The plot of the cumulative event amplitude distribution followed the power-law model, and the slope of this output, the b-value, represented a signature of the amplitude distribution. The mechanical test results were consistent with the behavior of a viscoelastic multi-phase composite material.
Links

DOI: 10.1016/0021-9290(86)90142-9

PubMed: 3957942

WoS: A1986A551300004
History

Received: 1982-11-29

Revised: 1985-08-30

Cited Works (18)

Year	Entry
1974	Crowninshield RD, Pope MH. The response of compact bone in tension at various strain rates. Ann Biomed Eng. 1974;2(2):217-225.
1979	Lakes RS, Katz JL, Sternstein SS. Viscoelastic properties of wet cortical bone, I: torsional and biaxial studies. J Biomech. 1979;12(9):657-678.
1966	McElhaney JH. Dynamic response of bone and muscle tissue. J Appl Physiol. 1966;21(4):1231-1236.
1977	Carter DR, Hayes WC. The compressive behavior of bone as a two-phase porous structure. J Bone Joint Surg. 1977;59A(7):954-962.
1981	Wright TM, Vosburgh F, Burstein AH. Permanent deformation of compact bone monitored by acoustic emission. J Biomech. 1981;14(6):405-409.
1973	Panjabi MM, White AA III, Southwick WO. Mechanical properties of bone as a function of rate of deformation. J Bone Joint Surg. March 1973;55A(2):322-330.
1971	Katz JL, Ukraincik K. On the anisotropic elastic properties of hydroxyapatite. J Biomech. May 1971;4(3):221-227.
1980	Gottesman T, Hashin Z. Analysis of viscoelastic behaviour of bones on the basis of microstructure. J Biomech. 1980;13(2):89-96.
1971	Sammarco GJ, Burstein AH, Davis WL, Frankel VH. The biomechanics of torsional fractures: the effect of loading on ultimate properties. J Biomech. March 1971;4(2):113-117.
1976	Saha S, Hayes WC. Tensile impact properties of human compact bone. J Biomech. 1976;9(4):243-251.
1972	Pope MH, Outwater JO. The fracture characteristics of bone substance. J Biomech. September 1972;5(5):457-465.
1976	Wright TM, Hayes WC. Tensile testing of bone over a wide range of strain rates: effects of strain rate, microstructure and density. Med Biol Eng. November 1976;14(6):671-680.
1973	Evans FG. Mechanical Properties of Bone. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas; 1973.
1982	Sanjeevi R, Somanathan N, Ramaswamy D. A viscoelastic model for collagen fibres. J Biomech. 1982;15(3):181-183.
1964	Currey JD. Three analogies to explain the mechanical properties of bone. Biorheology. 1964;2(1):1-10.
1966	Sedlin‌ ED, Hirsch C. Factors affecting the determination of the physical properties of femoral cortical bone. Acta Orthop Scand. 1966;37(1):29-48.
1968	Burstein AH, Frankel VH. The viscoelastic properties of some biological materials. Annals NY Acad Sci. January 1968;146:158-165.
1970	Currey JD. The mechanical properties of bone. Clin Orthop Relat Res. November–December 1970;73:210-231.

Cited By (18)

Year	Entry
2001	Jepsen KJ, Davy DT, Akkus O. Observations of damage in bone. In: Cowin SC, ed. Bone Mechanics Handbook. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 2001:17-1–17-18.
2004	Funk JR, Kerrigan JR, Crandall JR. Dynamic bending tolerance and elastic-plastic material properties of the human femur. In: 48th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). September 13-15, 2004; Key Biscayne, FL.215-233.
2001	Funk JR, Crandall JR, Tourret LJ, MacMahon CB, Bass CR, Khaewpong N, Eppinger RH. The effect of active muscle tension on the axial injury tolerance of the human foot/ankle complex. In: Proceedings of the 17th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 4-7, 2001; Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
2010	Van Toen C, Street J, Oxland TR, Cripton PA. Acoustic emissions from thoracic vertebral bodies and spinal ligaments during failure. In: Proceedings of the 38th International Workshop on Human Subjects for Biomechanical Research. 2010.
1999	Jepsen KJ, Davy DT, Krzypow DJ. The role of the lamellar interface during torsional yielding of human cortical bone. J Biomech. March 1999;32(3):303-310.
2012	Van Toen C, Street J, Oxland TR, Cripton PA. Acoustic emission signals can discriminate between compressive bone fractures and tensile ligament injuries in the spine during dynamic loading. J Biomech. June 1, 2012;45(9):1643-1649.
2002	Funk JR, Crandall JR, Tourret LJ, MacMahon CB, Bass CR, Patrie JT, Khaewpong N, Eppinger RH. The axial injury tolerance of the human foot/ankle complex and the effect of Achilles tension. J Biomech Eng. 2002;124(6):750-757.
2010	Zhang J, Michalenko MM, Kuhl E, Ovaert TC. Characterization of indentation response and stiffness reduction of bone using a continuum damage model. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. February 2010;3(2):189-202.
1994	Zioupos P, Currey JD, Sedman AJ. An examination of the micromechanics of failure of bone and antler by acoustic emission tests and laser scanning confocal microscopy. Med Eng Phys. May 1994;16(3):203-212.
1989	Fondrk MT. An Experimental and Analytical Investigation Into the Nonlinear Constitutive Equations of Cortical Bone [PhD thesis]. Cleveland, OH: Case Western Reserve University; May 1989.
2000	Akkus O. The Relation of Microdamage to Fracture and Material Property Degradation in Human Cortical Bone Tissue [PhD thesis]. Cleveland, OH: Case Western Reserve University; August 2000.
2016	Shridharani JK. Injury Detection and Localization in the Spine Using Acoustic Emission [PhD thesis]. Duke University; 2016.
1991	Pattin CAG. Cyclic Mechanical Property Degradation in Bone During Fatigue Loading [PhD thesis]. Stanford University; March 1991.
2013	Van Toen CY. Biomechanics of Cervical Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Under Combined Axial Compression and Lateral Bending Loading [PhD thesis]. Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia; December 2013.
2002	Morgan EF-i. The Dependence on Anatomic Site of Trabecular Bone Structure-Function Relationships [PhD thesis]. Berkeley, CA: Berkeley, University of California; 2002.
2000	Funk JR. The Effect of Active Muscle Tension on the Axial Impact Tolerance of the Human Foot/ankle Complex [PhD thesis]. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia; August 2000.
2009	Cormier JM. Epidemiology and Biomechanical Analysis of Facial Fractures [PhD thesis]. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; February 6, 2009.
1993	Sedman AJ. Mechanical Failure and Antler: The Accumulation of Bone of Damage [PhD thesis]. York, UK: University of York; September 1993.