Interstitial Fluid Flow-Dependent and Flow-Independent Mechanical and Tribological Response of Articular Cartilage

All the studies in this dissertation are designed to address the role of articular cartilage interstitial fluid pressurization in the tissue’s mechanical and tribological responses through a combination of theoretical and experimental analyses. A detailed presentation of experimental and theoretical analyses of interstitial fluid pressurization at the articular surface and near the deep zone is given and the direct measurements of interstitial fluid pressurization verify that compressive properties of articular cartilage are flow-dependent. Furthermore, flow-dependent equilibrium and dynamic modulus and phase angle are investigated in dynamic compression under physiological loading conditions of 6 MPa compressive stress level and 0.1 to 40 Hz loading frequencies, and the viscoelastic and nonlinear nature of articular cartilage is described. In addition, the effect of reduction in the collagen by collagenase digestion on these flow-dependent properties is presented to explore the mechanism of interstitial fluid pressurization inside articular cartilage.

Flow-independent (intrinsic) mechanical properties (equilibrium and dynamic modulus and phase angle) are also characterized in dynamic tension through 10^-3 to 10¹ Hz loading frequencies together with the flow-dependent properties in dynamic compression. A detailed description of the comparisons and relationships between flow dependent and flow-independent properties is given and the results confirm the role of interstitial fluid pressurization in compressive properties. A theoretical study was performed to formulate and validate a constitutive model for the intrinsic viscoelasticity of cartilage in tension, because it is of interest to identify a suitable relaxation function which can accurately describe the response of cartilage under tensile stress-relaxation and cyclical loading; and to determine whether the viscoelastic behavior of cartilage in tension is linear, quasilinear, or nonlinear.

Microscale mechanical (indentation modulus) and tribological (surface roughness and friction coefficient) properties of articular cartilage are investigated using atomic force microscope (AFM), and a detailed explanation of flow-independence of microscale friction coefficient is presented together with the relationship with flow-dependent macroscale friction coefficient

Year	Entry
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Year

Entry

2002

Wang CC-B, Deng J-M, Ateshian GA, Hung CT. An automated approach for direct measurement of two-dimensional strain distributions within articular cartilage under unconfined compression. J Biomech Eng. October 2002;124(6):557-567.

2001

Huang C-Y, Mow VC, Ateshian GA. The role of flow-independent viscoelasticity in the biphasic tensile and compressive responses of articular cartilage. J Biomech Eng. October 2001;123(5):410-417.

1986

Mak AF. The apparent viscoelastic behavior of articular cartilage: the contributions from the intrinsic matrix viscoelasticity and interstitial fluid flows. J Biomech Eng. May 1986;108(2):123-130.

1995

Ateshian GA, Wang H. A theoretical solution for the frictionless rolling contact of cylindrical biphasic articular cartilage layers. J Biomech. November 1995;28(11):1341-1355.

2004

Chahine NO, Wang CC-B, Hung CT, Ateshian GA. Anisotropic strain-dependent material properties of bovine articular cartilage in the transitional range from tension to compression. J Biomech. August 2004;37(8):1251-1261.