The effects of exercise on the biomechanical and biochemical properties of swine digital flexor tendons

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Woo, S. L.-Y.¹; Gomez, M. A.¹; Amiel, D.¹; Ritter, M. A.¹; Gelberman, R. H.¹; Akeson, W. H.¹

The effects of exercise on the biomechanical and biochemical properties of swine digital flexor tendons

J Biomech Eng. February 1981;103(1):51-56

©1981 ASME

Affiliations

¹Division of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of California, San Diego, and San Diego Veteran's Administration Medical Center, La Jolla, Calif. 92093
Abstract

The digital flexor tendons of the miniature swine were studied after 12 mo of running exercise. Using a newly developed methodology whereby the properties of tendon substance and tendon-bone composite are measured simultaneously, it was found that training augments the strength of the tendon insertion site, but has minimal effect on the tendon substance. Biochemical analyses also showed that the collagen concentration in the tendon substance remains unchanged following exercise. There was also moderate, but not significant, tendon hypertrophy. The present results on flexor tendon differ from those previously obtained for the swine digital extensors [6]. Such difference in response to functional stress may be attributed to the biochemical composition and mechanical properties of these tissues.
Links

DOI: 10.1115/1.3138246

PubMed: 7253614

WoS: A1981LG95900011
History

Received: 1980-11-05

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Cited By (35)

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1998	Martin RB, Burr DB, Sharkey NA. Skeletal Tissue Mechanics. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag; 1998.
2003	Woo SL-Y, Abramowitch SD, Loh JC, Musahl V, Wang JH-C. Ligament healing: present status and the future of functional tissue engineering. In: Guilak F, Butler DL, Goldstein SA, Mooney DJ, eds. Functional Tissue Engineering. New York, NY: Inc., Springer-Verlag; 2003:17-34.
2000	Woo SL-Y, Debski RE, Zeminski J, Abramowitch SD, Chan Saw SS, Fenwick JA. Injury and repair of ligaments and tendons. Annu Rev Biomed Eng. 2000;2:83-118.
1982	Woo SL-Y. Mechanical properties of tendons and ligaments, I: quasi-static and nonlinear viscoelastic properties. Biorheology. 1982;19(3):385-396.
1982	Woo SL-Y, Gomez MA, Woo Y-K, Akeson WH. Mechanical properties of tendons and ligaments, II: the relationships of immobilization and exercise on tissue remodeling. Biorheology. 1982;19(3):397-408.
1989	Zajac FE. Muscle and tendon: properties, models, scaling, and application to biomechanics and motor control. Crit Rev Biomed Eng. 1989;17(4):359-411.
1996	Bowman SM, Zeind J, Gibson LJ, Hayes WC, McMahon TA. The tensile behavior of demineralized bovine cortical bone. J Biomech. November 1996;29(11):1497-1501.
2006	Wang JH-C. Mechanobiology of tendon. J Biomech. 2006;39(9):1563-1582.
2023	Holt NC, Mayfield DL. Muscle-tendon unit design and tuning for power enhancement, power attenuation, and reduction of metabolic cost. J Biomech. May 2023;153:111585.
1981	Woo SL-Y, Gomez MA, Akeson WH. The time and history-dependent viscoelastic properties of the canine medical collateral ligament. J Biomech Eng. November 1981;103(4):293-298.
2000	Yamamoto E, Hayashi K, Yamamoto N. Effects of stress shielding on the transverse mechanical properties of rabbit patellar tendons. J Biomech Eng. December 2000;122(6):608-614.
2003	Thomopoulos S, Williams GR, Soslowsky LJ. Tendon to bone healing: differences in biomechanical, structural, and compositional properties due to a range of activity levels. J Biomech Eng. February 2003;125(1):106-113.
1986	Woo SL, Orlando CA, Gomez MA, Frank CB, Akeson WH. Tensile properties of the medial collateral ligament as a function of age. J Orthop Res. 1986;4(2):133-141.
2001	Wang VM-W. Biomechanics of the Normal and Surgically Reconstructed Shoulder [PhD thesis]. Columbia University; 2001.
2005	Androjna C. Natural Extracellular Matrices for Tendon Tissue Engineering [PhD thesis]. Cleveland State University; May 2005.
2011	Rigozzi S. Structure and Function in Tendon: Experimental Studies on the Ultrastructural Determinants of Tendon Biomechanical Function [PhD thesis]. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich; 2011.
1997	Bowman SM. Creep of Trabecular Bone [PhD thesis]. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University; May 1997.
2005	Zumwalt AC. The Effect of Endurance Exercise on the Morphology of Muscle Attachment Sites: An Experimental Study in Sheep (Ovis Aries) [PhD thesis]. Johns Hopkins University; March 2005.
1999	Apreleva M. Experimental and Computational Approach to Study Contact Mechanics At the Glenohumeral Joint [PhD thesis]. University of Pittsburgh; 1999.
2007	Papas NP. Potential of a Bioscaffold to Enhance the Healing of the MCL Following a Mop-End Tear: An Animal Model Study [Master's thesis]. University of Pittsburgh; 2007.
2010	Fisher MB. Functional Tissue Engineering of the Healing Anterior Cruciate Ligament: A Combined Experimental and Computational Approach [PhD thesis]. University of Pittsburgh; 2010.
1997	Wren TAL. Structure-Function Relationships for Soft Skeletal Connective Tissues [PhD thesis]. Stanford University; June 1997.
2000	Sarin VK. Mechanobiology of Sesamoid Formation, Development, and Ossification [PhD thesis]. Stanford University; May 2000.
1991	King GJW. A Biomechanical Evaluation of Orthotopic Ligament Transplantation in a Rabbit Model [Master's thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; July 1991.
1995	Archambault JM. Clinical Aspects of Overuse Tendon Injury and Experimental Aspects of Tendon Properties [Master's thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; April 1995.
2000	Archambault JM. Induction of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Tendon [PhD thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; December 2000.
2019	Rios JL. Exercise and Dietary Interventions in a Rat Model of Metabolic Knee Osteoarthritis [PhD thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; September 2019.
2019	Lee AH. Tendon Multi-Scale Structure, Mechanical Function, and Damage [PhD thesis]. University of Delaware; 2019.
1995	Tseng K-F. Investigating the Structure-Function Relationships of Long Bone: An Approach Using Growth Hormone Mouse Models [PhD thesis]. University of Michigan; 1995.
2001	Thomopoulos S. Supraspinatus Tendon to Bone Healing: Differences in Biomechanical, Structural, and Compositional Properties Due to a Range of Activity Levels [PhD thesis]. University of Michigan; 2001.
2008	Pokhai GG. The Development of a Laser Reflectance System to Measure the Cross-Sectional Area of Soft Tissues [Master's thesis]. University of Guelph; June 2008.
2005	Gimbel JA. The Role of Tension on Supraspinatus Tendon to Bone Healing in a Newly Developed Animal Model of Chronic Rotator Cuff Tears [PhD thesis]. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania; 2005.
2008	Perry S. Tendon Mechanical Properties and Measures of Shoulder Function Are Altered After Multiple Tendon Detachment in a Rat Rotator Cuff Model [PhD thesis]. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania; 2008.
1996	Chen C-T. An Investigation of the Interstitial Fluid Flow and Electromechanical Properties of Ligaments and Tendons [PhD thesis]. University of Wisconsin – Madison; 1996.
2015	Mittnacht J. Characterization of Tendon Loading Mechanisms: Shear Loading At Different Hierarchical Levels [PhD thesis]. University of Wisconsin – Madison; 2015.