Clinical Aspects of Overuse Tendon Injury and Experimental Aspects of Tendon Properties

This thesis was aimed at increasing knowledge about tendon. Two studies were conducted. The clinical study documented the history of symptoms in a population of patients with Achilles tendinitis (n=53). The average total time with symptoms was 18 months, from onset of pain to full recovery. In addition; symptomatic patients with sonographically normal tendons recovered more quickly than patients with abnormal tendons. The experimental study evaluated the stressstrain properies and surface strain distribution of isolated cat patellar tendons (n=9), during in-vitro submaximal loading. The stress-strain curves at diferent loading rates were similar. Marked load relaxation occurred when the same tendon specimen was loaded repeatedly. Surface strains were found to be non-uniform. Strain near the insertions was found to be significantly higher than in the midsubstance of the tissue, at a stress level of 20 MPa.

Year	Entry
1979	Lanyon LE, Bourn S. The influence of mechanical function on the development and remodeling of the tibia: an experimental study in sheep. J Bone Joint Surg. March 1979;61A(2):263-273.
1994	Johnson GA, Tramaglini DM, Levine RE, Ohno K, Choi N-Y, Woo SL-Y. Tensile and viscoelastic properties of human patellar tendon. J Orthop Res. 1994;12(6):796-803.
1994	Blevins FT, Hecker AT, Bigler GT, Boland AL, Hayes WC. The effects of donor age and strain rate on the biomechanical properties of bone-patellar tendon-bone allografts. Am J Sports Med. 1994;22(3):328-333.
1971	Huxley AF, Simmons RM. Proposed mechanism of force generation in striated muscle. Nature. October 22, 1971;233(5321):533-538.
1968	Matthews LS, Ellis D. Viscoelastic properties of cat tendon: effects of time after death and preservation by freezing. J Biomech. July 1968;1(2):65-71.
1984	Noyes FR, Butler DL, Grood ES, Zernicke RF, Hefzy MS. Biomechanical analysis of human ligament grafts used in knee-ligament repairs and reconstructions. J Bone Joint Surg. March 1984;66A(3):344-352.
1990	Viidik A. Structure and function of normal and healing tendons and ligaments. In: Mow VC, Ratcliffe A, Woo SL-Y, eds. Biomechanics of Diarthrodial Joints. Vol 1. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag; 1990:3-38.
1986	Butler DL, Kay MD, Stouffer DC. Comparison of material properties in fascicle-bone units from human patellar tendon and knee ligaments. J Biomech. 1986;19(6):425-432.
1984	Butler DL, Grood ES, Noyes FR, Zernicke RF, Brackett K. Effects of structure and strain measurement technique on the material properties of young human tendons and fascia. J Biomech. 1984;17(8):579-596.
1981	Woo SL-Y, Gomez MA, Amiel D, Ritter MA, Gelberman RH, Akeson WH. The effects of exercise on the biomechanical and biochemical properties of swine digital flexor tendons. J Biomech Eng. February 1981;103(1):51-56.
1983	Haut RC. Age-dependent influence of strain rate on the tensile failure of rat-tail tendon. J Biomech Eng. August 1983;105(3):296-299.
1978	James SL, Bates BT, Osternig LR. Injuries to runners. Am J Sports Med. 1978;6(2):40-50.
1978	Kastelic J, Galeski A, Baer E. The multicomposite structure of tendon. Connect Tissue Res. 1978;6(1):11-23.
1984	Lanyon LE, Rubin CT. Static vs dynamic loads as an influence on bone remodelling. J Biomech. 1984;17(12):897-905.
1989	Milgrom C, Gildadi M, Simkin A, Rand N, Kedem R, Kashtan H, Stein M, Gomori M. The area moment of inertia of the tibia: a risk factor for stress fractures. J Biomech. 1989;22(11-12):1243-1248.
1986	Wolff J. The Law of Bone Remodelling. Maquet P, Furlong R, trans. New York, NY: Springer; 1986.
1992	Yamamoto N, Hayashi K, Kuriyama H, Ohno K, Yasuda K, Kaneda K. Mechanical properties of the rabbit patellar tendon. J Biomech Eng. August 1992;114(3):332-337.
1993	Danto MI, Woo SL. The mechanical properties of skeletally mature rabbit anterior cruciate ligament and patellar tendon over a range of strain rates. J Orthop Res. January 1993;11(1):58-67.
1985	Stouffer DC, Butler DL, Hosny D. The relationship between crimp pattern and mechanical response of human patellar tendon-bone units. J Biomech Eng. May 1985;107(2):158-165.
1984	Hubbard RP, Soutas-Little RW. Mechanical properties of human tendon and their age dependence. J Biomech Eng. May 1984;106(2):144-150.
1988	Shrive NG, Lam TC, Damson E, Frank CB. A new method of measuring the cross-sectional area of connective tissue structures. J Biomech Eng. May 1988;110(2):104-109.
1990	Haut RC, Powlison AC. The effects of test environment and cyclic stretching on the failure properties of human patellar tendons. J Orthop Res. July 1990;8(4):532-540.
1990	Woo SL-Y, Peterson RH, Ohland KJ, Sites TJ, Danto MI. The effects of strain rate on the properties of the medial collateral ligament in skeletally immature and mature rabbits: a biomechanical and histological study. J Orthop Res. September 1990;8(5):712-721.

Year

Entry

1979

Lanyon LE, Bourn S. The influence of mechanical function on the development and remodeling of the tibia: an experimental study in sheep. J Bone Joint Surg. March 1979;61A(2):263-273.

1994

Johnson GA, Tramaglini DM, Levine RE, Ohno K, Choi N-Y, Woo SL-Y. Tensile and viscoelastic properties of human patellar tendon. J Orthop Res. 1994;12(6):796-803.

1994

Blevins FT, Hecker AT, Bigler GT, Boland AL, Hayes WC. The effects of donor age and strain rate on the biomechanical properties of bone-patellar tendon-bone allografts. Am J Sports Med. 1994;22(3):328-333.

1971

Huxley AF, Simmons RM. Proposed mechanism of force generation in striated muscle. Nature. October 22, 1971;233(5321):533-538.

1968

Matthews LS, Ellis D. Viscoelastic properties of cat tendon: effects of time after death and preservation by freezing. J Biomech. July 1968;1(2):65-71.

1984

Noyes FR, Butler DL, Grood ES, Zernicke RF, Hefzy MS. Biomechanical analysis of human ligament grafts used in knee-ligament repairs and reconstructions. J Bone Joint Surg. March 1984;66A(3):344-352.

1990

Viidik A. Structure and function of normal and healing tendons and ligaments. In: Mow VC, Ratcliffe A, Woo SL-Y, eds. Biomechanics of Diarthrodial Joints. Vol 1. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag; 1990:3-38.

1986

Butler DL, Kay MD, Stouffer DC. Comparison of material properties in fascicle-bone units from human patellar tendon and knee ligaments. J Biomech. 1986;19(6):425-432.

1984

Butler DL, Grood ES, Noyes FR, Zernicke RF, Brackett K. Effects of structure and strain measurement technique on the material properties of young human tendons and fascia. J Biomech. 1984;17(8):579-596.

1981

Woo SL-Y, Gomez MA, Amiel D, Ritter MA, Gelberman RH, Akeson WH. The effects of exercise on the biomechanical and biochemical properties of swine digital flexor tendons. J Biomech Eng. February 1981;103(1):51-56.

1983

Haut RC. Age-dependent influence of strain rate on the tensile failure of rat-tail tendon. J Biomech Eng. August 1983;105(3):296-299.

1978

James SL, Bates BT, Osternig LR. Injuries to runners. Am J Sports Med. 1978;6(2):40-50.

1978

Kastelic J, Galeski A, Baer E. The multicomposite structure of tendon. Connect Tissue Res. 1978;6(1):11-23.

1984

Lanyon LE, Rubin CT. Static vs dynamic loads as an influence on bone remodelling. J Biomech. 1984;17(12):897-905.

1989

Milgrom C, Gildadi M, Simkin A, Rand N, Kedem R, Kashtan H, Stein M, Gomori M. The area moment of inertia of the tibia: a risk factor for stress fractures. J Biomech. 1989;22(11-12):1243-1248.

1986

Wolff J. The Law of Bone Remodelling. Maquet P, Furlong R, trans. New York, NY: Springer; 1986.

1992

Yamamoto N, Hayashi K, Kuriyama H, Ohno K, Yasuda K, Kaneda K. Mechanical properties of the rabbit patellar tendon. J Biomech Eng. August 1992;114(3):332-337.

1993

Danto MI, Woo SL. The mechanical properties of skeletally mature rabbit anterior cruciate ligament and patellar tendon over a range of strain rates. J Orthop Res. January 1993;11(1):58-67.

1985

Stouffer DC, Butler DL, Hosny D. The relationship between crimp pattern and mechanical response of human patellar tendon-bone units. J Biomech Eng. May 1985;107(2):158-165.

1984

Hubbard RP, Soutas-Little RW. Mechanical properties of human tendon and their age dependence. J Biomech Eng. May 1984;106(2):144-150.

1988

Shrive NG, Lam TC, Damson E, Frank CB. A new method of measuring the cross-sectional area of connective tissue structures. J Biomech Eng. May 1988;110(2):104-109.

1990

Haut RC, Powlison AC. The effects of test environment and cyclic stretching on the failure properties of human patellar tendons. J Orthop Res. July 1990;8(4):532-540.

1990

Woo SL-Y, Peterson RH, Ohland KJ, Sites TJ, Danto MI. The effects of strain rate on the properties of the medial collateral ligament in skeletally immature and mature rabbits: a biomechanical and histological study. J Orthop Res. September 1990;8(5):712-721.

Year	Entry
1999	Young D. Quantification of Patellar Tendon Biomechanical Properties: In Vitro and in Situ [Master's thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; January 1999.

Year

Entry

1999

Young D. Quantification of Patellar Tendon Biomechanical Properties: In Vitro and in Situ [Master's thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; January 1999.