The role of impact location in reversible cerebral concussion

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Hodgson, Voigt R.¹; Thomas, L. Murray¹; Khalil, Tawfik B.²

The role of impact location in reversible cerebral concussion

Proceedings of the 27th Stapp Car Crash Conference

Affiliations

¹Wayne State University School of Medicine, Dept. of Neurosurgery

²General Motors Research Laboratories, Biomedical Sciences Dept.
Abstract

Mechanical impacts were delivered by an air propelled striker to the front, side, rear and top of rigid protective caps worn by six anesthetized monkeys. These tests were to produce reversible concussion and to determine differences in tolerance to concussion among the four impact sites. Striker force and cap accelerations were measures of the impact severity and animal blood pressure, respiration and ECG changes were measures of the physiological effects.

By distributing the blow with a protective cap, allowing free head movement after impact, skull fracture was eliminated and simple reversible concussion could be produced without symptoms of residual neurological deficit. Higher linear and angular accelerations produced longer periods of unconsciousness (more than 3 times) on the side than at any of the other locations. It is hypothesized that the decrease in concussion tolerance accompanied by higher accelerations for side impacts may be the result of lower mechanical impedance due to the oval shape of the animal head.
Links

DOI: 10.4271/831618

SAE: 831618

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2007	Fijalkowski RJ, Stemper BD, Pintar FA, Yoganandan N, Gennarelli TA. Influence of angular acceleration duration on functional outcomes following mild diffuse brain injury. In: Proceedings of the 2007 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 19-21, 2007; Maastricht, The Netherlands.161-171.
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2019	Karton C. Profiling Brain Trauma in Professional American-Style Football and the Implications to Developing Neurological Injury [PhD thesis]. University of Ottawa; 2019.
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2012	Makwana R. Development and Validation of a 3D Finite Element Model of Advanced Combat Helmet and Biomechanical Analysis of Human Head and Helmet Response to Primary Blast Insult [Master's thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; May 2012.
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