The mechanical and biological response of cortical bone to in vivo strain histories

Carter, D. R.; Harris, W. H.; Vasu, R.; Caler, W. E.

Affiliations

¹Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts

Cited Works (12)

Year	Entry
1974	Reilly DT, Burstein AH, Frankel VH. The elastic modulus for bone. J Biomech. May 1974;7(3):271-275.
1971	Swanson SAV, Freeman MAR, Day WH. The fatigue properties of human cortical bone. Med Biol Eng. January 1971;9(1):23-32.
1976	Carter DR, Hayes WC, Schurman DJ. Fatigue life of compact bone, II: effects of microstructure and density. J Biomech. 1976;9(4):211-218.
1976	Carter DR, Hayes WC. Fatigue life of compact bone, I: effects of stress amplitude, temperature and density. J Biomech. 1976;9(1):27-34.
1979	Lafferty JF, Raju PVV. The influence of stress frequency on the fatigue strength of cortical bone. J Biomech Eng. April 1979;101(2):112-113.
1977	Jones HH, Priest JD, Hayes WC, Tichenor CC, Nagel DA. Humeral hypertrophy in response to exercise. J Bone Joint Surg. March 1977;59A(2):204-208.
1980	Nagurka ML, Hayes WC. An interactive graphics package for calculating cross-sectional properties of complex shapes. J Biomech. 1980;13(1):59-64.
1972	Chamay A, Tschantz P. Mechanical influences in bone remodeling: experimental research on Wolff's law. J Biomech. March 1972;5(2):173-180.
1979	Goodship AE, Lanyon LE, McFie H. Functional adaptation of bone to increased stress: an experimental study. J Bone Joint Surg. June 1979;61A(4):539-546.
1977	Carter DR, Hayes WC. Compact bone fatigue damage: a microscopic examination. Clin Orthop Relat Res. September 1977;127:265-274.
1980	Carter DR, Smith DJ, Spengler DM, Daly CH, Frankel VH. Measurement and analysis of in vivo bone strains on the canine radius and ulna. J Biomech. 1980;13(1):27-38.
1975	Lanyon LE, Hampson WGJ, Goodship AE, Shah JS. Bone deformation recorded in vivo from strain gauges attached to the human tibial shaft. Acta Orthop Scand. 1975;46(2):256-268.

Cited By (34)

Year	Entry
2001	Jee WSS. Integrated bone tissue physiology: anatomy and physiology. In: Cowin SC, ed. Bone Mechanics Handbook. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 2001:1-1–1-68.
2001	Fritton SP, Rubin CT. Dense bone tissue as a molecular composite. In: Cowin SC, ed. Bone Mechanics Handbook. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 2001:8-1–8-41.
2002	Currey JD. Bones: Structure and Mechanics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; 2002.
1993	Fung YC. Biomechanics: Mechanical Properties of Living Tissues. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag; 1993.
1991	Bertram JEA, Swartz SM. The “law of bone transformation”: a case of crying Wolff? Biol Rev. August 1991;66(3):245-273.
1989	Burr DB, Schaffler MB, Yang KH, Lukoschek M, Sivaneri N, Blaha JD, Radin EL. Skeletal change in response to altered strain environments: is woven bone a response to elevated strain? Bone. 1989;10(3):223-233.
2002	Rubin C, Turner AS, Mallinckrodt C, Jerome C, Mcleod K, Bain S. Mechanical strain, induced noninvasively in the high-frequency domain, is anabolic to cancellous bone, but not cortical bone. Bone. March 2002;30(3):445-452.
1984	Carter DR. Mechanical loading histories and cortical bone remodeling. Calcif Tiss Int. March 1984;36(suppl 1):S19-S24.
1984	Meade JB, Cowin SC, Klawitter JJ, Van Buskirk WC, Skinner HB. Bone remodeling due to continuously applied loads. Calcif Tiss Int. March 1984;36(suppl 1):S25-S30.
2000	Lee TC, O'Brien FJ, Taylor D. The nature of fatigue damage in bone. Int J Fract. November 2000;22(10):847-853.
2000	Lee TC, Staines A, Taylor D. Bone adaptation to load: microdamage as a stimulus for bone remodelling. J Anat. December 2000;201(6):437-446.
1994	Biewener AA, Bertram JE. Structural response of growing bone to exercise and disuse. J Appl Physiol. February 1994;76(2):946-955.
1982	Lanyon LE, Goodship AE, Pye CJ, MacFie JH. Mechanically adaptive bone remodelling. J Biomech. 1982;15(3):141-154.
1987	Carter DR. Mechanical loading history and skeletal biology. J Biomech. 1987;20(11-12):1095-1109.
1996	Pattin CA, Caler WE, Carter DR. Cyclic mechanical property degradation during fatigue loading of cortical bone. J Biomech. January 1996;29(1):69-79.
2002	Rubin C, Turner AS, Müller R, Mittra E, McLeod K, Lin W, Qin Y. Quantity and quality of trabecular bone in the femur are enhanced by a strongly anabolic, noninvasive mechanical intervention. J Bone Miner Res. February 2002;17(2):349-357.
1982	Biewener AA. Bone strength in small mammals and bipedal birds: do safety factors change with body size? J Exp Biol. June 1982;82:289-301.
1982	Rubin CT, Lanyon LE. Limb mechanics as a function of speed and gait: a study of functional strains in the radius and tibia of horse and dog. J Exp Biol. December 1982;101:187-211.
1986	Biewener AA, Taylor CR. Bone strain: a determinant of gait and speed? J Exp Biol. July 1986;123(1):383-400.
1994	Yoshikawa T, Mori S, Santiesteban AJ, Sun TC, Hafstad E, Chen J, Burr DB. The effects of muscle fatigue on bone strain. J Exp Biol. March 1994;188(1):217-233.
1998	Qin Y, Rubin CT, McLeod KJ. Nonlinear dependence of loading intensity and cycle number in the maintenance of bone mass and morphology. J Orthop Res. July 1998;16(4):482-489.
2001	Rubin C, Turner AS, Bain S, Mallinckrodt C, McLeod K. Low mechanical signals strengthen long bones. Nature. August 9, 2001;412(6847):603-604.
2004	Tovar A. Bone Remodeling as a Hybrid Cellular Automaton Optimization Process [PhD thesis]. University of Notre Dame; December 2004.
1998	D'Andrea SE. Lower Limb Response to Impact in Simulated Microgravity and 1G [PhD thesis]. The Ohio State University; 1998.
1988	Whalen RT. The Influence of the Daily Stress History on the Regulation of Bone Density [PhD thesis]. Stanford University; February 1988.
1993	van der Meulen MCH. The Influence of Mechanics on Long Bone Development and Adaptation [PhD thesis]. Stanford University; June 1993.
2006	Carpenter RD. Mechanobiology of Bone Cross-Sectional Development, Adaptation, and Strength [PhD thesis]. Stanford University; June 2006.
1997	Qin Y-X. Fluid Flow, Matrix Strain and Loading Frequency as Interdependent Control Parameters in Skeletal Adaptation [PhD thesis]. Stony Brook, NY: State University of New York at Stony Brook; May 1997.
2000	O’Brien FJ. Microcracks and the Fatigue Behaviour of Compact Bone [PhD thesis]. Trinity College Dublin; October 2000.
1994	Oden ZM. Computational Prediction of Functional Adaptation in Canine Radii [PhD thesis]. Tulane University; 1994.
2000	Coleman JC. Analysis of in Vivo Bone Strain History During Dynamic Mechanical Loading [PhD thesis]. Tulane University; 2000.
2006	Rouhi G. Theoretical Aspects of Bone Remodeling and Resorption Processes [PhD thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; March 2006.
1996	Beck BR. The Relationship of Streaming Potential Magnitude to Strain and Periosteal Modeling [PhD thesis]. Eugene, OR: University of Oregon; December 1996.
1985	Schaffler MB. Stiffness and Fatigue of Compact Bone At Physiological Strains and Strain Rates [PhD thesis]. West Virginia University; 1985.