The interplay of muscular and external forces in human ambulation

Cappozzo, A.; Figura, F.; Marchetti, M.; Pedotti, A.

Affiliations

¹Istituto di Fisiologia Umana dell'Universita' di Roma, I Cattedra di Fisiologia Umana, P. le delle Scienze, Roma 00185, Italy

²Centro di Studio per la Teoria dei Sistemi del CNR, Istituto di Elettrotecnica ed Elettronica del Politecnico di Milano, P. za Leonardo da Vinci, 32, Milano, 20141, Italy

Abstract

By means of energy analysis, the interplay between muscular, gravitational, inertial forces was assessed during level walking, at natural speed. The role of each of these forces was recorded using information collected from testing five normal subjects by quantitative experimental methods. This information was related to kinematics, dynamics and energy levels of the ambulating body and to phasic muscular activity (EMG).

Links

DOI: 10.1016/0021-9290(76)90137-8

PubMed: 1249079

WoS: A1976BD22000006

History

Received: 1974-12-8

Cited By (28)

Year	Entry
2005	Andriacchi TP, Johnson TS, Hurwitz DE, Natarajan RN. Musculoskeletal dynamics, locomotion, and clinical applications. In: Mow VC, Huiskes R, eds. Basic Orthopaedic Biomechanics & Mechano-Biology. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005:91-122.
1990	van Ingen Schenau GJ; Maarten F. Bobbert, van Soest AJ. The unique action of bi-articular muscles in leg extensions. In: Winters JM, Woo SL-Y, eds. Multiple Muscle Systems: Biomechanics and Movement Organization. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag; 1990:639-652.
1991	Winter DA. The Biomechanics and Motor Control of Human Gait: Normal, Elderly and Pathological. 2nd ed. Waterloo, ON: University of Waterloo Press; 1991.
2009	Winter DA. Biomechanics and Motor Control of Human Movement. 4th ed. Hoboken, NJ: Inc, John Wiley & Sons; 2009.
1993	Miyazaki S, Yamamoto S. Moment acting at the metatarsophalangeal joints during normal barefoot level walking. Gait Post. September 1993;1(3):133-140.
1980	Gordon D, Winter DA. Mechanical energy generation, absorption and transfer amongst segments during walking. J Biomech. 1980;13(10):845-854.
1983	Winter DA. Moments of force and mechanical power in jogging. J Biomech. 1983;16(1):91-97.
1988	Whalen RT, Carter DR, Steele CR. Influence of physical activity on the regulation of bone density. J Biomech. 1988;21(10):825-837.
1977	Cavagna GA, Kaneko M. Mechanical work and efficiency in level walking and running. J Physiol. June 1, 1977;268(2):467-481.
1978	Pedotti A, Krishnan VV, Stark L. Optimization of muscle-force sequencing in human locomotion. Math Biosci. 1978;38(1-2):57-76.
2017	Gaffney BMM. Segmental Movement Compensations in Patients With Transtibial Amputation Identified Using Angular Momentum Separation [PhD thesis]. University of Denver; June 2017.
1977	Wells RP. Kinematic and Dynamic Aspects of Normal Gait and Swing-Through Crutch Gait [PhD thesis]. Victoria University of Manchester; July 1977.
1978	Hardt DE. A Minimum Energy Solution for Muscle Force Control During Walking [PhD thesis]. Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; September 1978.
1988	Brodeur RR. Mechanical Work: An Analysis of Its Application to the Study of Human Performance [Master's thesis]. East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University; 1988.
1993	Lovasik KA. An Evaluation of an Above-Knee Prosthesis to Facilitate Rapid Gait [Master's thesis]. East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University; 1993.
1987	Pandy MG. Models for Understanding the Dynamics of Human Walking [PhD thesis]. The Ohio State University; 1987.
2002	Henley JD. A Kinematic and Kinetic Analysis of Postural Perturbation [PhD thesis]. State College, PA: Pennsylvania State University; May 2002.
1988	Whalen RT. The Influence of the Daily Stress History on the Regulation of Bone Density [PhD thesis]. Stanford University; February 1988.
1989	Yamaguchi GT. Feasibility and Conceptual Design of Functional Neuromuscular Stimulation Systems for the Restoration of Natural Gait to Paraplegics Based on Dynamic Musculoskeletal Models [PhD thesis]. Stanford University; August 1989.
1998	Mulavara AP. Quantifying Coordination Between the Head and the Trunk During Locomotion [PhD thesis]. University of Akron; May 1998.
1996	Stefanyshyn DJ. Mechanical Energy Contributions of the Lower Extremity Joints to Athletic Performance [PhD thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; March 1996.
2018	Ebrahimi A. The Development and Application of a Framework for Exploring the Energetics of Gait Strategy Adaptations [PhD thesis]. University of Delaware; 2018.
1982	Balakrishnan S. The Interpretation of Medio-Lateral Reaction Forces in Human Locomotion Using Body Coordinate Systems [PhD thesis]. Winnipeg, MB: University of Manitoba; March 1982.
1988	Son K. Biomechanical Analyses of Weight-Moving Tasks in the Seated Position [PhD thesis]. University of Michigan; 1988.
1990	Miller MC. Biomechanics of Rising from a Chair or Bed [PhD thesis]. University of Michigan; 1990.
2016	Worden T. Examination of Dual-Task Training Protocols to Alter Performance on a Concurrent Auditory Stroop and Obstacle Crossing Dual-Task Test [PhD thesis]. University of Guelph; August 2016.
1998	Grenier S. Internal Work Measurement and Simultaneous Oxygen Consumption of Impaired and Normal Walking [Master's thesis]. University of Ottawa; 1998.
2019	Honert EC. Ankle and Foot Biomechanics During Human Walking: Powerful Insights on Multiarticular Muscles, Soft Tissues, and Toe Joint Dynamics [PhD thesis]. Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University; May 10, 2019.