Evaluation of Raman Spectroscopy for Fracture Resistance Assessment

Year	Entry
1994	Kanis JA, Melton LJ III, Christiansen C, Johnston CC, Khaltaev N. The diagnosis of osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res. August 1994;9(8):1137-1141.
2000	Timlin JA, Carden A, Morris MD, Rajachar RM, Kohn DH. Raman spectroscopic imaging markers for fatigue-related microdamage in bovine bone. Anal Chem. May 15, 2000;72(10):2229-2236.
2008	Ritchie RO, Koester KJ, Ionova S, Yao W, Lane NE, Ager JW III. Measurement of the toughness of bone: a tutorial with special reference to small animal studies. Bone. November 2008;43(5):798-812.
1967	Ascenzi A, Bonucci E. The tensile properties of single osteons. Acta Anat. 1967;158(4):375-386.
2012	Giangregorio LM, Leslie WD, Lix LM, Johansson H, Oden A, McCloskey E, Kanis JA. FRAX underestimates fracture risk in patients with diabetes. J Bone Miner Res. February 2012;27(2):301-308.
2006	Hernandez CJ, Gupta A, Keaveny TM. A biomechanical analysis of the effects of resorption cavities on cancellous bone strength. J Bone Miner Res. August 2006;21(8):1248-1255.
2001	Jepsen KJ, Pennington DE, Lee Y, Warman M, Nadeau J. Bone brittleness varies with genetic background in A/J and C57BL/6J inbred mice. J Bone Miner Res. October 2001;16(10):1854-1862.
2000	Carden A, Morris MD. Application of vibrational spectroscopy to the study of mineralized tissues (review). J Biomed Opt. July 2000;5(3):259-268.
2011	Ritchie RO. The conflicts between strength and toughness. Nat Mater. November 2011;10(11):817-822.
2010	Gourion-Arsiquaud S, Allen MR, Burr DB, Vashishth D, Tang SY, Boskey AL. Bisphosphonate treatment modifies canine bone mineral and matrix properties and their heterogeneity. Bone. March 2010;46(3):666-672.
2012	Pathak S, Vachhani SJ, Jepsen KJ, Goldman HM, Kalidindi SR. Assessment of lamellar level properties in mouse bone utilizing a novel spherical nanoindentation data analysis method. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. September 2012;13:102-117.
2013	Reznikov N, Almany-Magal R, Shahar R, Weiner S. Three-dimensional imaging of collagen fibril organization in rat circumferential lamellar bone using a dual beam electron microscope reveals ordered and disordered sub-lamellar structures. Bone. February 2013;52(2):676-683.
2006	Yerramshetty JS, Lind C, Akkus O. The compositional and physicochemical homogeneity of male femoral cortex increases after the sixth decade. Bone. December 2006;39(6):1236-1243.
2008	Yerramshetty JS, Akkus O. The associations between mineral crystallinity and the mechanical properties of human cortical bone. Bone. March 2008;42(3):476-482.
2013	Nyman JS, Gorochow LE, Horch RA, Uppuganti S, Zein-Sabatto A, Manhard MK, Does MD. Partial removal of pore and loosely bound water by low-energy drying decreases cortical bone toughness in young and old donors. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. June 2013;22:136-145.
2006	Viguet-Carrin S, Roux JP, Arlot ME, Merabet Z, Leeming DJ, Byrjalsen I, Delmas PD, Bouxsein ML. Contribution of the advanced glycation end product pentosidine and of maturation of type I collagen to compressive biomechanical properties of human lumbar vertebrae. Bone. November 2006;39(5):1073-1079.
1992	Oliver WC, Pharr GM. An improved technique for determining hardness and elastic modulus using load and displacement sensing indentation experiments. J Mater Res. 1992;7(6):1564-1583.
2007	Ramasamy JG, Akkus O. Local variations in the micromechanical properties of mouse femur: the involvement of collagen fiber orientation and mineralization. J Biomech. 2007;40(4):910-918.
1999	Zioupos P, Currey JD, Hamer AJ. The role of collagen in the declining mechanical properties of aging human cortical bone. J Biomed Mater Res. May 1999;A45(2):108-116.
2004	Oliver WC, Pharr GM. Measurement of hardness and elastic modulus by instrumented indentation: advances in understanding and refinements to methodology. J Mater Res. January 2004;19(1):3-20.
2012	Wang X, Sanyal A, Cawthon PM, Palermo L, Jekir M, Christensen J, Ensrud KE, Cummings SR, Orwoll E, Black DM, Keaveny TM; Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Research Group. Prediction of new clinical vertebral fractures in elderly men using finite element analysis of CT scans. J Bone Miner Res. April 2012;27(4):808-816.
1976	Burstein AH, Reilly DT, Martens M. Aging of bone tissue: mechanical properties. J Bone Joint Surg. 1976;58A(1):82-86.
2001	Zioupos P. Accumulation of in-vivo fatigue microdamage and its relation to biomechanical properties in ageing human cortical bone. J Microsc (Oxford). February 2001;201(pt 2):270-278.
1994	Zioupos P, Currey JD. The extent of microcracking and the morphology of microcracks in damaged bone. J Mater Sci. 1994;29(4):978-986.
1998	Yeni YN, Brown CU, Norman TL. Influence of bone composition and apparent density on fracture toughness of the human femur and tibia. Bone. January 1998;22(1):79-84.
2007	Lee NK, Sowa H, Hinoi E, Ferron M, Ahn JD, Confavreux C, Dacquin R, Mee PJ, McKee MD, Jung DY, Zhang Z, Kim JK, Mauvais-Jarvis F, Ducy P, Karsenty G. Endocrine regulation of energy metabolism by the skeleton. Cell. August 10, 2007;130(3):456-469.
1996	Martin RB, Lau ST, Mathews PV, Gibson VA, Stover SM. Collagen fiber organization is related to mechanical properties and remodeling in equine bone: a comparsion of two methods. J Biomech. December 1996;29(12):1515-1521.
2000	Vashishth D, Tanner KE, Bonfield W. Contribution, development and morphology of microcracking in cortical bone during crack propagation. J Biomech. September 2000;33(9):1169-1174.
2010	Wallace JM, Erickson B, Les CM, Orr BG, Banaszak Holl MM. Distribution of type I collagen morphologies in bone: relation to estrogen depletion. Bone. May 2010;46(5):1349-1354.
1996	Gadaleta SJ, Camacho NP, Mendelsohn R, Boskey AL. Fourier transform infrared microscopy of calcified turkey leg tendon. Calcif Tiss Int. January 1996;58(1):17-23.
2010	Unger S, Blauth M, Schmoelz W. Effects of three different preservation methods on the mechanical properties of human and bovine cortical bone. Bone. December 2010;47(6):1048-1053.
2006	Nyman JS, Roy A, Shen X, Acuna RL, Tyler JH, Wang X. The influence of water removal on the strength and toughness of cortical bone. J Biomech. 2006;39(5):931-938.
2007	Nyman JS, Roy A, Tyler JH, Acuna RL, Gayle HJ, Wang X. Age‐related factors affecting the postyield energy dissipation of human cortical bone. J Orthop Res. May 2007;25(7):646-655.
2012	Donnelly E, Meredith DS, Nguyen JT, Gladnick BP, Rebolledo BJ, Shaffer AD, Lorich DG, Lane JM, Boskey AL. Reduced cortical bone compositional heterogeneity with bisphosphonate treatment in postmenopausal women with intertrochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures. J Bone Miner Res. March 2012;27(3):672-678.
1984	Portigliatti Barbos M, Bianco P, Ascenzi A, Boyde A. Collagen orientation in compact bone, II: distribution of lamellae in the whole of the human femoral shaft with reference to its mechanical properties. Metab Bone Dis Rel Res. 1984;5(6):309-315.
2003	Currey JD. The many adaptations of bone. J Biomech. 2003;36(10):1487-1495.
2014	Gallant MA, Brown DM, Hammond M, Wallace JM, Du J, Deymier-Black AC, Almer JD, Stock SR, Allen MR, Burr DB. Bone cell-independent benefits of raloxifene on the skeleton: a novel mechanism for improving bone material properties. Bone. April 2014;61:191-200.
2003	Ammann P, Rizzoli R. Bone strength and its determinants. Osteoporos Int. March 2003;14(suppl 3):S13-S18.
2005	Boskey AL, Mendelsohn R. Infrared analysis of bone in health and disease. J Biomed Opt. May–June 2005;10(3):031102.
2006	Kazanci M, Roschger P, Paschalis EP, Klaushofer K, Fratzl P. Bone osteonal tissues by Raman spectral mapping: orientation–composition. J Struct Biol. December 2006;156(3):489-496.
2007	Kazanci M, Wagner HD, Manjubala NI, Gupta HS, Paschalis E, Roschger P, Fratzl P. Raman imaging of two orthogonal planes within cortical bone. Bone. September 2007;41(3):456-461.
2001	Wang X, Bank RA, Tekoppele JM, Agrawal CM. The role of collagen in determining bone mechanical properties. J Orthop Res. 2001;19(6):1021-1026.
2009	Gourion‐Arsiquaud S, Faibish D, Myers E, Spevak L, Compston J, Hodsman A, Shane E, Recker RR, Boskey ER, Boskey AL. Use of FTIR spectroscopic imaging to identify parameters associated with fragility fracture. J Bone Miner Res. September 2009;24(9):1565-1571.
1997	Vashishth D, Behiri JC, Bonfield W. Crack growth resistance in cortical bone: concept of microcrack toughening. J Biomech. August 1997;30(8):763-769.
2013	Gourion-Arsiquaud S, Lukashova L, Power J, Loveridge N, Reeve J, Boskey AL. Fourier transform infrared imaging of femoral neck bone: reduced heterogeneity of mineral-to-matrix and carbonate-to-phosphate and more variable crystallinity in treatment-naive fracture cases compared with fracture-free controls. J Bone Miner Res. January 2013;28(1):150-161.
2008	Bigley RF, Singh M, Hernandez CJ, Kazakia GJ, Martin RB, Keaveny TM. Validity of serial milling-based imaging system for microdamage quantification. Bone. January 2008;42(1):212-215.
1988	Giraud-Guille MM. Twisted plywood architecture of collagen fibrils in human compact bone osteons. Calcif Tiss Int. May 1988;42(3):167-180.
1989	Martin RB, Ishida J. The relative effects of collagen fiber orientation, porosity, density, and mineralization on bone strength. J Biomech. 1989;22(5):419-426.
1984	Currey JD. Effects of differences in mineralization on the mechanical properties of bone. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. February 13, 1984;304(1121):509-518.
2004	Akkus O, Adar F, Schaffler MB. Age-related changes in physicochemical properties of mineral crystals are related to impaired mechanical function of cortical bone. Bone. March 2004;34(4):443-453.
1998	Penel G, Leroy G, Rey C, Bres E. MicroRaman spectral study of the PO₄ and CO₃ vibrational modes in synthetic and biological apatites. Calcif Tiss Int. December 1998;63(6):475-481.
2003	Akkus O, Polyakova‐Akkus A, Adar F, Schaffler MB. Aging of microstructural compartments in human compact bone. J Bone Miner Res. June 2003;18(6):1012-1019.
2005	Johnell O, Kanis JA, Oden A, Johansson H, De Laet C, Delmas P, Eisman JA, Fujiwara S, Kroger H, Mellstrom D, Meunier PJ, Melton LJ III, O'Neill T, Pols H, Reeve J, Silman A, Tenenhouse A. Predictive value of BMD for hip and other fractures. J Bone Miner Res. July 2005;20(7):1185-1194.
2006	Johnell O, Kanis JA. An estimate of the worldwide prevalence and disability associated with osteoporotic fractures. Osteoporos Int. December 2006;17(12):1726-1733.
1984	Boyde A, Bianco P, Portigliatti Barbos M, Ascenzi A. Collagen orientation in compact bone, I: a new method for the determination of the proportion of collagen parallel to the plane of compact bone sections. Metab Bone Dis Rel Res. 1984;5(6):299-307.
2012	Liu XS, Stein EM, Zhou B, Zhang CA, Nickolas TL, Cohen A, Thomas V, McMahon DJ, Cosman F, Nieves J, Shane E, Guo XE. Individual trabecula segmentation (ITS)‐based morphological analyses and microfinite element analysis of HR‐pQCT images discriminate postmenopausal fragility fractures independent of DXA measurements. J Bone Miner Res. February 2012;27(2):263-272.
1996	Duey P, Desbois C, Boyce B, Pinerot G, Story B, Dunstan C, Smith E, Bonadioll J, Goldstein S, Gundberg C, Bradley A, Karsenty G. Increased bone formation in osteocalcin-deficient mice. Nature. August 1, 1996;382(6590):448-452.
2005	Nalla RK, Kruzic JJ, Kinney JH, Ritchie RO. Mechanistic aspects of fracture and R-curve behavior in human cortical bone. Biomaterials. January 2005;26(2):217-231.
2011	Zimmermann EA, Schaible E, Bale H, Barth HD, Tang SY, Reichert P, Busse B, Alliston T, Ager JW III, Ritchie RO. Age-related changes in the plasticity and toughness of human cortical bone at multiple length scales. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. August 30, 2011;108(35):14416-14421.
1892	Wolff J. Das Gesetz der Transformation der Knochen. Berlin: Hirschwald; 1892.
1989	Carando S, Portigliatti Barbos M, Ascenzi A, Boyde A. Orientation of collagen in human tibial and fibular shaft and possible correlation with mechanical properties. Bone. 1989;10(2):139-142.
2010	Donnelly E, Boskey AL, Baker SP, van der Meulen MCH. Effects of tissue age on bone tissue material compositionand nanomechanical properties in the rat cortex. J Biomed Mater Res. March 1, 2010;A92(3):1048-1056.
2011	Tang SY, Vashishth D. The relative contributions of non-enzymatic glycation and cortical porosity on the fracture toughness of aging bone. J Biomech. January 11, 2011;44(2):330-336.
2010	Tang SY, Vashishth D. Non-enzymatic glycation alters microdamage formation in human cancellous bone. Bone. January 2010;46(1):148-154.
2001	Guo XE. Mechanical properties of cortical and cancellous bone tissue. In: Cowin SC, ed. Bone Mechanics Handbook. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 2001:10-1–10-23.
2000	Phelps JB, Hubbard GB, Wang X, Agrawal CM. Microstructural heterogeneity and the fracture toughness of bone. J Biomed Mater Res. September 15, 2000;51(4):735-741.
1976	Cowin SC, Hegedus DH. Bone remodeling, I: theory of adaptive elasticity. J Elast. 1976;6(3):313-326.
2003	Jepsen KJ, Akkus OJ, Majeska RJ, Nadeau JH. Hierarchical relationship between bone traits and mechanical properties in inbred mice. Mamm Genome. February 2003;14(2):97-104.
2010	Launey ME, Chen P-Y, McKittrick J, Ritchie RO. Mechanistic aspects of the fracture toughness of elk antler bone. Acta Biomater. April 2010;6(4):1505-1514.
2009	Orwoll ES, Marshall LM, Nielson CM, Cummings SR, Lapidus J, Cauley JA, Ensrud K, Lane N, Hoffmann PR, Kopperdahl DL, Keaveny TM; Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study Group. Finite element analysis of the proximal femur and hip fracture risk in older men. J Bone Miner Res. March 2009;24(3):475-483.
2011	Bi X, Patil CA, Lynch CC, Pharr GM, Mahadevan-Jansen A, Nyman JS. Raman and mechanical properties correlate at whole bone- and tissue-levels in a genetic mouse model. J Biomech. January 11, 2011;44(2):297-303.
2010	Gamsjaeger S, Masic A, Roschger P, Kazanci M, Dunlop JWC, Klaushofer K, Paschalis EP, Fratzl P. Cortical bone composition and orientation as a function of animal and tissue age in mice by raman spectroscopy. Bone. August 2010;47(2):392-399.
2014	Carriero A, Zimmermann EA, Paluszny A, Tang SY, Bale H, Busse B, Alliston T, Kazakia G, Ritchie RO, Shefelbine SJ. How tough is brittle bone? investigating osteogenesis imperfecta in mouse bone. J Bone Miner Res. June 2014;29(6):1392-1401.
2000	Verborgt O, Gibson GJ, Schaffler MB. Loss of osteocyte integrity in association with microdamage and bone remodeling after fatigue in vivo. J Bone Miner Res. January 2000;15(1):60-67.
2012	Tang SY, Herber R-P, Ho SP, Alliston T. Matrix metalloproteinase–13 is required for osteocytic perilacunar remodeling and maintains bone fracture resistance. J Bone Miner Res. September 2012;27(9):1936-1950.
2004	Nalla RK, Kruzic JJ, Ritchie RO. On the origin of the toughness of mineralized tissue: microcracking or crack bridging? Bone. May 2004;34(5):790-798.
2004	Silva MJ, Brodt MD, Fan Z, Rho J-Y. Nanoindentation and whole-bone bending estimates of material properties in bones from the senescence accelerated mouse SAMP6. J Biomech. November 2004;37(11):1639-1646.
2001	Kanis JA, Johnell O, Oden A, Dawson A, De Laet C, Jonsson B. Ten year probabilities of osteoporotic fractures according to BMD and diagnostic thresholds. Osteoporos Int. December 2001;12(12):989-995.
2003	Vashishth D, Tanner KE, Bonfield W. Experimental validation of a microcracking-based toughening mechanism for cortical bone. J Biomech. January 2003;36(1):121-124.
2002	Burr DB. The contribution of the organic matrix to bone's material properties. Bone. July 2002;31(1):8-11.
2004	Vashishth D. Rising crack-growth-resistance behavior in cortical bone: implications for toughness measurements. J Biomech. June 2004;37(6):943-946.
1997	Currey JD, Foreman J, Laketić I, Mitchell J, Pegg DE, Reilly GC. Effects of ionizing radiation on the mechanical properties of human bone. J Orthop Res. January 1997;15(1):111-117.
2002	Mundy GR. Metastasis to bone: causes, consequences and therapeutic opportunities. Nat Rev Cancer. August 2002;2(8):584-593.
1999	Rho J-Y, Roy ME II, Tsui TY, Pharr GM. Elastic properties of microstructural components of human bone tissue as measured by nanoindentation. J Biomed Mater Res. 1999;A45(1):48-54.
1995	Schaffler MB, Choi K, Milgrom C. Aging and matrix microdamage accumulation in human compact bone. Bone. December 1995;17(6):521-525.
2008	Li X, Ominsky MS, Niu Q, Sun N, Daugherty B, D'Agostin D, Kurahara C, Gao Y, Cao J, Gong J, Asuncion F, Barrero M, Warmington K, Dwyer D, Stolina M, Morony S, Sarosi I, Kostenuik PJ, Lacey DL, Simonet WS, Ke HZ, Paszty C. Targeted deletion of the sclerostin gene in mice results in increased bone formation and bone strength. J Bone Miner Res. June 2008;23(6):860-869.
2003	Kruzic JJ, Nalla RK, Kinney JH, Ritchie RO. Crack blunting, crack bridging and resistance-curve fracture mechanics in dentin: effect of hydration. Biomaterials. 2003;24(28):5209-5221.
2006	Nalla RK, Kruzic JJ, Kinney JH, Balooch M, Ager JW III, Ritchie RO. Role of microstructure in the aging-related deterioration of the toughness of human cortical bone. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. September 2006;26(8):1251-1260.
2005	Nalla RK, Stölken JS, Kinney JH, Ritchie RO. Fracture in human cortical bone: local fracture criteria and toughening mechanisms. J Biomech. July 2005;38(7):1517-1525.
2004	Nalla RK, Kruzic JJ, Kinney JH, Ritchie RO. Effect of aging on the toughness of human cortical bone: evaluation by R-curves. Bone. December 2004;35(6):1240-1246.
2003	Nalla RK, Kinney JH, Ritchie RO. Mechanistic fracture criteria for the failure of human cortical bone. Nat Mater. 2003;2(3):164-168.
2005	Fantner GE, Hassenkam T, Kindt JH, Weaver JC, Birkedal H, Pechenik L, Cutroni JA, Cidade GAG, Stucky GD, Morse DE, Hansma PK. Sacrificial bonds and hidden length dissipate energy as mineralized fibrils separate during bone fracture. Nat Mater. August 2005;4(8):612-616.
2010	Thurner PJ, Chen CG, Ionova-Martin S, Sun L, Harman A, Porter A, Ager JW III, Ritchie RO, Alliston T. Osteopontin deficiency increases bone fragility but preserves bone mass. Bone. June 2010;46(6):1564-1573.
2006	Ascenzi M-G, Lomovtsev A. Collagen orientation patterns in human secondary osteons, quantified in the radial direction by confocal microscopy. J Struct Biol. January 2006;153(1):14-30.
2011	Barth HD, Zimmermann EA, Schaible E, Tang SY, Alliston T, Ritchie RO. Characterization of the effects of x-ray irradiation on the hierarchical structure and mechanical properties of human cortical bone. Biomaterials. December 2011;32(34):8892-8904.
2011	Koester KJ, Barth HD, Ritchie RO. Effect of aging on the transverse toughness of human cortical bone: evaluation by R-curves. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. October 2011;4(7):1504-1513.
2008	Yan J, Daga A, Kumar R, Mecholsky JJ. Fracture toughness and work of fracture of hydrated, dehydrated, and ashed bovine bone. J Biomech. 2008;41(9):1929-1936.
2010	Diez‐Perez A, Güerri R, Nogues X, Cáceres E, Peña MJ, Mellibovsky L, Randall C, Bridges D, Weaver JC, Proctor A, Brimer D, Koester KJ, Ritchie RO, Hansma PK. Microindentation for in vivo measurement of bone tissue mechanical properties in humans. J Bone Miner Res. 2010;25(8):1877-1885.
1993	Turner CH, Burr DB. Basic biomechanical measurements of bone: a tutorial. Bone. 1993;14(4):595-608.
2011	Vilayphiou N, Boutroy S, Szulc P, van Rietbergen B, Munoz F, Delmas PD, Chapurlat R. Finite element analysis performed on radius and tibia HR‐pQCT images and fragility fractures at all sites in men. J Bone Miner Res. May 2011;26(5):965-973.
2012	Poundarik AA, Diab T, Sroga GE, Ural A, Boskey AL, Gundberg CM, Vashishth D. Dilatational band formation in bone. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. November 20, 2012;109(47):19178-19183.
1987	Frost HM. Bone “mass” and the “mechanostat”: a proposal. Anat Rec. September 1987;219(1):1-9.
2009	Gourion‐Arsiquaud S, Burket JC, Havill LM, DiCarlo E, Doty SB, Mendelsohn R, van der Meulen MCH, Boskey AL. Spatial variation in osteonal bone properties relative to tissue and animal age. J Bone Miner Res. July 2009;24(7):1271-1281.
2011	Szabó ME, Zekonyte J, Katsamenis OL, Taylor M, Thurner PJ. Similar damage initiation but different failure behavior in trabecular and cortical bone tissue. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. November 2011;4(8):1787-1796.
1998	Zioupos P, Currey JD. Changes in the stiffness, strength, and toughness of human cortical bone with age. Bone. January 1998;22(1):57-66.
2008	Owens BD, Kragh JF Jr, Wenke JC, Macaitis J, Wade CE, Holcomb JB. Combat wounds in Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom. J Trauma. February 2008;64(2):295-299.
1998	Boskey AL, Gadaleta S, Gundberg C, Doty SB, Ducy P, Karsenty G. Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopic analysis of bones of osteocalcin-deficient mice provides insight into the function of osteocalcin. Bone. September 1998;23(3):187-196.
2006	McCreadie BR, Morris MD, Chen T-c, Rao DS, Finney WF, Widjaja E, Goldstein SA. Bone tissue compositional differences in women with and without osteoporotic fracture. Bone. December 2006;39(6):1190-1195.
2013	Ettinger B, Burr DB, Ritchie RO. Proposed pathogenesis for atypical femoral fractures: lessons from materials research. Bone. August 2013;55(2):495-500.
2011	Amin S, Kopperdhal DL, Melton LJ, Achenbach SJ, Therneau TM, Riggs BL, Keaveny TM, Khosla S. Association of hip strength estimates by finite‐element analysis with fractures in women and men. J Bone Miner Res. July 2011;26(7):1593-1600.
2011	Morris MD, Mandair GS. Raman assessment of bone quality. Clin Orthop Relat Res. August 2011;469:2160-2169.
2006	Wagermaier W, Gupta HS, Gourrier A, Burghammer M, Roschger P, Fratzl P. Spiral twisting of fiber orientation inside bone lamellae. Biointerphases. March 2006;1(1):1-5.
1993	Martin RB, Boardman DL. The effects of collagen fiber orientation, porosity, density, and mineralization on bovine cortical bone bending properties. J Biomech. September 1993;26(9):1047-1054.
2013	Li S, Abdel-Wahab A, Silberschmidt VV. Analysis of fracture processes in cortical bone tissue. Eng Fract Mech. September 2013;110:448.
1965	Nelder JA, Mead R. A simplex method for function minimization. Comput J. April 1965;8(1):308-313.