Reduction of bone turnover with bisphosphonate treatment alters bone mineral and matrix properties. Our objective was to investigate the effect of bisphosphonate treatment on bone tissue properties near fragility fracture sites in the proximal femur in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. The mineral and collagen properties of corticocancellous biopsies from the proximal femur were compared in bisphosphonate‐naive (−BIS, n = 20) and bisphosphonate‐treated (+BIS, n = 20, duration 7 ± 5 years) patients with intertrochanteric (IT) and subtrochanteric (ST) fractures using Fourier transform infrared imaging (FTIRI). The mean values of the FTIRI parameter distributions were similar across groups, but the widths of the parameter distributions tended to be reduced in the +BIS group relative to the −BIS group. Specifically, the widths of the cortical collagen maturity and crystallinity were reduced in the +BIS group relative to those of the −BIS group by 28% (+BIS 0.45 ± 0.18 versus −BIS 0.63 ± 0.28, p = 0.03) and 17% (+BIS 0.087 ± 0.012 versus −BIS 0.104 ± 0.036, p = 0.05), respectively. When the tissue properties were examined as a function of fracture morphology within the +BIS group, the FTIR parameters were generally similar regardless of fracture morphology. However, the cortical mineral:​matrix ratio was 8% greater in tissue from patients with atypical ST fractures (n = 6) than that of patients with typical (IT or spiral ST) fractures (n = 14) (Atypical 5.6 ± 0.3 versus Typical 5.2 ± 0.5, p = 0.03). Thus, although the mean values of the FTIR properties were similar in both groups, the tissue in bisphosphonate‐treated patients had a more uniform composition than that of bisphosphonate‐naive patients. The observed reductions in mineral and matrix heterogeneity may diminish tissue‐level toughening mechanisms.