Talocrural and talocalcaneal joint kinematics and kinetics during the stance phase of walking

Scott, Stephen H.; Winter, David A.

Affiliations

¹Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada N2L 3G1

²Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada N2L 3G1

³Present Address: Department of Physiology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada K7L 3N6

Abstract

The purpose of this investigation was to study the kinematics and kinetics of the joints between the leg and calcaneus during the stance phase of walking. The talocrural and talocalcaneal joints were each assumed to act as monocentric single degree of freedom hinge joints. Motion at one joint was defined by the relative rotation of a point on the opposing joint. The results, based upon the gait of three subjects, showed that the hinge joint assumption may be reasonable. A discrepancy in the kinematics was shown between the talocrural joint rotation and its commonly assumed sagittal plane representation, especially during initial flatfoot. This discrepancy is due to the fact that the sagittal plane rotation is created by the combined rotations of the talocrural and talocalcaneal joints. The talocalcaneal joint showed a peak 25–30 Nm supinatory moment at 80% of stance. The talocrural joint moment was qualitatively similar to the commonly measured sagittal plane moment, but the present results show that the sagittal plane moment overpredicted the true moment by 6–22% due to the two-dimensional assumption.

Links

DOI: 10.1016/0021-9290(91)90338-N

PubMed: 1918097

WoS: A1991GC77800008

History

Received: 1991-01-15

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Cited By (24)

Year	Entry
1991	Winter DA. The Biomechanics and Motor Control of Human Gait: Normal, Elderly and Pathological. 2nd ed. Waterloo, ON: University of Waterloo Press; 1991.
1999	Nadeau S, Gravel D, Arsenault AB, Bourbonnais D. Plantarflexor weakness as a limiting factor of gait speed in stroke subjects and the compensating role of hip flexors. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). February 1999;14(2):125-135.
1999	Leardini A, Benedetti MG, Catani F, Simoncini L, Giannini S. An anatomically based protocol for the description of foot segment kinematics during gait. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 1999;14(8):528-536.
2001	Hunt AE, Smith RM, Torode M, Keenan A-M. Inter-segment foot motion and ground reaction forces over the stance phase of walking. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). August 2001;16(7):592-600.
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1998	Novacheck TF. The biomechanics of running. Gait Post. January 1998;7(1):77-95.
2003	MacWilliams BA, Cowley M, Nicholson DE. Foot kinematics and kinetics during adolescent gait. Gait Post. 2003;17(3):214-224.
2007	Leardini A, Benedetti MG, Berti L, Bettinelli D, Nativo R, Giannini S. Rear-foot, mid-foot and fore-foot motion during the stance phase of gait. Gait Post. 2007;25(3):453-462.
2013	Bishop C, Paul G, Thewlis D. The reliability, accuracy and minimal detectable difference of a multi-segment kinematic model of the foot–shoe complex. Gait Post. April 2013;37(4):552-557.
1996	Kidder SM, Abuzzahab FS Jr, Harris GF, Johnson JE. A system for the analysis of foot and ankle kinematics during gait. IEEE Trans Rehabil Eng. March 1996;4(1):25-32.
1993	MacKinnon CD, Winter DA. Control of whole body balance in the frontal plane during human walking. J Biomech. June 1993;26(6):633-644.
1993	Scott SH, Winter DA. Biomechanical model of the human foot: kinematics and kinetics during the stance phase of walking. J Biomech. 1993;26(9):1091-1104.
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1993	Patton JL. Forward Dynamic Modeling of Human Locomotion [Master's thesis]. East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University; 1993.
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1996	Hamilton GR. Joint Congruity and the Congruous Range of Motion Applied to Displaced Intra-Articular Calcaneal Fractures [PhD thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; April 1996.
1993	Lee S-G. Theoretical and Experimental Biomechanical Analyses of the Effects of Age and Peripheral Neuropathy on Unipedal Balance [PhD thesis]. University of Michigan; 1993.
2021	Kessler SE. The Spring in Your Step: The Role of Muscles and Elastic Connective Tissue Within the Foot [PhD thesis]. Brisbane, Australia: University of Queensland; 2021.
2018	Roach KE. Development, Validation, and Application of Dynamic Imaging to Quantify in Vivo Kinematics of the Foot and Ankle [PhD thesis]. University of Utah; December 2018.
1999	Anderson FC III. A Dynamic Optimization Solution for a Complete Cycle of Normal Gait [PhD thesis]. University of Texas at Austin; December 1999.
2005	Rudd RW. Injury Tolerance of the Human Ankle in Impact-Induced Dorsiflexion [PhD thesis]. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia; January 2005.