Proposal of a Passive Marker Set for Paediatric Gait Data Analysis

The purpose of this study was to propose a static and a dynamic marker set for gait data analysis. A test of marker placement repeatability was performed to determine the precision with which markers could be placed over specific anatomical landmarks. Also, a cluster of eight markers was placed on both the thigh and shank to determine which markers contributed the most to the rigidity of each cluster. The results showed that marker placement on the pelvis, in general, is more variable than marker placement for other segments. The results of the cluster analysis identified three markers for both the shank and thigh that could be used for the collection of gait data. The methodology represents a novel approach in the implementation of a passive marker set. This approach can be used to identify marker placement locations that are least susceptible to movement artefact in different clinical populations.

Year	Entry
1998	Andriacchi TP, Alexander EJ, Toney MK, Dyrby C, Sum J. A point cluster method for in vivo motion analysis: applied to a study of knee kinematics. J Biomech Eng. December 1998;120(6):743-749.
1965	Nelder JA, Mead R. A simplex method for function minimization. Comput J. April 1965;8(1):308-313.
1996	Kidder SM, Abuzzahab FS Jr, Harris GF, Johnson JE. A system for the analysis of foot and ankle kinematics during gait. IEEE Trans Rehabil Eng. March 1996;4(1):25-32.
1996	Cappozzo A, Catani F, Leardini A, Benedetti M, Della Croce U. Position and orientation in space of bones during movement: experimental artefacts. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). March 1996;11(2):90-100.
1980	Spoor CW, Veldpaus FE. Rigid body motion calculated from spatial co-ordinates of markers. J Biomech. 1980;13(4):391-393.
1989	Apkarian J, Naumann S, Cairns B. A three-dimensional kinematic and dynamic model of the lower limb. J Biomech. 1989;22(2):143-155.
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1991	Scott SH, Winter DA. Talocrural and talocalcaneal joint kinematics and kinetics during the stance phase of walking. J Biomech. 1991;24(8):743-752.
1997	Reinschmidt C, van den Bogert AJ, Lundberg A, Nigg BM, Murphy N, Stacoff A, Stano A. Tibiofemoral and tibiocalcaneal motion during walking: external vs. skeletal markers. Gait Post. October 1997;6(2):98-109.
1990	Kadaba MP, Ramakrishnan HK, Wootten ME. Measurement of lower extremity kinematics during level walking. J Orthop Res. May 1990;8(3):383-392.
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Year

Entry

1998

Andriacchi TP, Alexander EJ, Toney MK, Dyrby C, Sum J. A point cluster method for in vivo motion analysis: applied to a study of knee kinematics. J Biomech Eng. December 1998;120(6):743-749.

1965

Nelder JA, Mead R. A simplex method for function minimization. Comput J. April 1965;8(1):308-313.

1996

Kidder SM, Abuzzahab FS Jr, Harris GF, Johnson JE. A system for the analysis of foot and ankle kinematics during gait. IEEE Trans Rehabil Eng. March 1996;4(1):25-32.

1996

Cappozzo A, Catani F, Leardini A, Benedetti M, Della Croce U. Position and orientation in space of bones during movement: experimental artefacts. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). March 1996;11(2):90-100.

1980

Spoor CW, Veldpaus FE. Rigid body motion calculated from spatial co-ordinates of markers. J Biomech. 1980;13(4):391-393.