Lower limb injuries to car occupants in frontal impacts

Gloyns, P. F.; Hayes, H. R. M.; Rattenbury, S. J.; Thomas, P. D.; Mills, H. C.; Griffiths, D. K.

Affiliations

¹Accident Research Unit, Department of Transportation and Environmental Planning, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England

Cited Works (10)

Year	Entry
in press	Nahum AM, Siegel AW, Hight PV, Brooks SH. Lower extremity injuries of front seat occupants. SAE 680483.
1978	Viano DC, Culver CC, Haut RC, Melvin JW, Bender M, Culver RH, Levine RS. Bolster impacts to the knee and tibia of human cadavers and an anthropomorphic dummy. In: Proceedings of the 22nd Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 24-26, 1978; Ann Arobor, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:403-428. SAE 780896.
1967	Patrick LM, Mertz HJ Jr, Kroell CK. Cadaver knee, chest and head impact loads. In: Proceedings of the 11th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 10-11, 1967; Anaheim, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:168-182. SAE 670913.
1974	Powell WR, Advani SH, Clark RN, Ojala SJ, Holt DJ. Investigation of femur response to longitudinal impact. In: Proceedings of the 18th Stapp Car Crash Conference. December 4-5, 1974; Ann Arbor, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:539-556. SAE 741190.
1975	Powell WR, Ojala SJ, Advani SH, Martin RB. Cadaver femur responses to longitudinal impacts. In: Proceedings of the 19th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 17-19, 1975; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:561-579. SAE 751160.
1969	States JD. The abbreviated and the comprehensive research injury scales. In: Proceedings of the 13th Stapp Car Crash Conference. December 2-4, 1969; Boston, MA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:282-294. SAE 690810.
1976	The Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) 1976 Revision. Morton Grove, IL: Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM); 1976.
1965	Patrick LM, Kroell CK, Mertz HJ. Forces on the human body in simulated crashes. In: Cragun MK, ed. Proceedings of the 9th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 20-21, 1965; Minneapolis, MN. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:237-259. SAE 650961.
1975	Melvin JW, Stalnaker RL, Alem NM, Benson JB, Mohan D. Impact response and tolerance of the lower extremities. In: Proceedings of the 19th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 17-19, 1975; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:543-559. SAE 751159.
1971	States JD, Fenner HA, Flamboe EE, Nelson WD, Hames LN. Field application and research development of the abbreviated injury scale. In: Proceedings of the 15th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 17-19, 1971; Coronado, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:710-738. SAE 710873.

Cited By (14)

Year	Entry
1997	Crandall JR, Martin PG. Lower injuries sustained in crashes and corresponding biomechanical research. In: Proceedings of the International Symposum on Real World Crash Injury Research. 1997; Leicestershire, UK.
1979	Rattenbury SJ, Gloyns PF, Hayes HRM, Griffiths DK. The biomechanical limits of seat belt protection. In: 23rd Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 4-6, 1979; Louisville, KY.162-176.
1995	Parenteau CS, Viano DC, Lovsund P, Tingvall C. Foot-ankle injuries: influence of crash location, seating position and age. In: 39th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 16-18, 1995; Chicago, IL.177-192.
1995	Thomas P, Bradford M. A logistic regression analysis of lower limb injury risk in frontal collisions. In: 39th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 16-18, 1995; Chicago, IL.287-309.
1999	Yoganandan N, Pintar FA, Gennarelli TA, Seipel R, Marks R. Biomechanical tolerance of calcaneal fractures. In: 43rd Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). September 20-21, 1999; Barcelon, Spain.345-356.
1996	Forssell J, Jakobsson L, Lund Å, Tivesten E. Foot and leg injuries in frontal car collisions. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 13-16, 1996; Melbourne, Australia.422-437.
1980	Viano DC. Femoral impact response and fracture. In: Proceedings of the 1980 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 9-11, 1980; Birmingham, England.261-272.
1993	Portier L, Trosseille X, Le Coz J-Y, Lavaste F, Coltat J-C. Lower leg injuries in real-world frontal accidents. In: Proceedings of the 1993 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 8-10, 1993; Eindhoven, The Netherlands.57-78.
1990	Begeman PC, Prasad P. Human ankle impact response in dorsiflexion. In: Proceedings of the 34th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 4-7, 1990; Orlando, FL. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:39-53. SAE 902308.
1992	Lestina DC, Kuhlmann TP, Keats TE, Alley RM. Mechanisms of fracture in ankle and foot injuries to drivers in motor vehicle crashes. In: Proceedings of the 36th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 2-4, 1992; Seattle, WA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:59-68. SAE 922515.
1996	Tannous RE, Bandak FA, Toridis TG, Eppinger RH. A three-dimensional finite element model of the human ankle: development and preliminary application to axial impulsive loading. In: Proceedings of the 40th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 4-6, 1996; Albuquerque, NM. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:219-238.219-238. SAE 962427.
1982	Huelke DF, O'Day J, States JD. Lower extremity injuries in automobile crashes. Accid Anal Prev. April 1982;12(2):95-106.
1996	Parenteau CS, Viano DC, Lövsund P, Tingvall C. Foot-ankle injuries: influence of crash location, seating position and age. Accid Anal Prev. September 1996;28(5):607-617.
2001	Seipel RC, Pintar FA, Yoganandan N, Boynton MD. Biomechanics of calcaneal fractures: a model for the motor vehicle. Clin Orthop Relat Res. July 2001;388:218-224.