Development of a biofidelic flexible pedestrian legform impactor

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Konosu, Atsuhiro¹; Tanahashi, Masaaki²

Development of a biofidelic flexible pedestrian legform impactor

Stapp Car Crash J. 2003;47:459-472

Affiliations

¹Japan Automobile Research Institute

²Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, Inc.
Abstract and keywords

The European Enhanced Vehicle-Safety Committee (EEVC) has proposed a test procedure to assess the protection vehicles provide to the lower extremity of pedestrians during a collision. This procedure utilizes a legform impactor developed by the Transport Research Laboratory (TRL). However, the TRL Pedestrian Legform Impactor (TRL-PLI) is composed of rigid long bones (cannot simulate the bone flexibility of the human) and rather stiff knee joint. The differences lead to a lack of biofidelity of the TRL-PLI, i.e., unnaturally stiff responses are observed. This study develops a biofidelic Flexible Pedestrian Legform Impactor (Flex-PLI) that can simulate human bone flexibility and human knee joint stiffness properly. The Flex-PLI can also measure many of the injury parameters, long bone strains at multiple locations, knee ligament elongations, and the compression forces between the femoral condyles and tibial plateau in comparison to the TRL-PLI. This paper presents the detailed specifications and measurement systems of the Flex-PLI, and also describes the results of biofidelity evaluation for the thigh, leg, and knee joint of the Flex-PLI in component level.

Keywords: Pedestrian; legform impactor; biofidelity; flexible; knee joint; Flex-PLI
Links

PubMed: 17096260

SAE: 2003-22-0020

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Cited By (21)

Year	Entry
2005	Konosu A, Issiki T, Tanahashi M. Development of a pedestrian lower extremity protection car using a biofidelic flexible pedestrian legform impactor. In: Proceedings of the 19th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 6-9, 2005; Washington, DC.
2005	Notsu M, Nishimoto T, Konosu A, Ishikawa H. J-MLIT research onto a pedestrian lower extremeity protection: evaluation tests for pedestrian legform impactors. In: Proceedings of the 19th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 6-9, 2005; Washington, DC.
2005	Mallory A, Stammen JA, Legault F. Component leg testing of vehicle front structures. In: Proceedings of the 19th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 6-9, 2005; Washington, DC.
2005	Takahashi Y, Kikuchi Y, Okamoto M, Akiyama A, Ivarsson J, Bose D, Subit D, Shin J, Crandall J. Biofidelity evaluation for the knee and leg of the polar pedestrian dummy. In: Proceedings of the 19th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 6-9, 2005; Washington, DC.
2005	Kikuchi Y, Takahashi Y, Mori F. Development of a finite element model for Flex-PLI. In: Proceedings of the 19th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 6-9, 2005; Washington, DC.
2007	Konosu A, Issiki T, Tanahashi M, Suzuki H. Development of a biofidelic flexible pedestrian legform impactor type GT (Flex-GT). In: Proceedings of the 20th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 18-21, 2007; Lyon, France.
2007	Issiki T, Konosu A, Tanahashi M. Development of an FE biofidelic flexible pedestrian leg-form impactor (Flex-GT-prototype) model. In: Proceedings of the 20th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 18-21, 2007; Lyon, France.
2009	Awano M, Nishimura I, Hayashi S. Development of a new flex-pli LS-DYNA model and investigations of injury from vehicle impact. In: Proceedings of the 21st International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 15-18, 2009; Stuttgart, Germany.
2009	Konosu A, Issiki T, Takahashi Y, Suzuki H, Been B, Burleigh M, Hirasawa T, Kanoshima H. Development of a biofidelic flexible pedestrian legform impactor type GTR prototype, I: development and technical evaluations. In: Proceedings of the 21st International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 15-18, 2009; Stuttgart, Germany.
2009	Been B, Burleigh M, Konosu A, Issiki T, Takahashi Y, Suzuki H. Development of a biofidelic flexible pedestrian legform impactor type GTR prototype, II: technical details. In: Proceedings of the 21st International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 15-18, 2009; Stuttgart, Germany.
2009	Zander O, Gehring D-U, Leßmann P, Bovenkerk J. Evaluation of a flexible pedestrian legform impactor (Flex-PLI) for the implementation within legislation on pedestrian protection. In: Proceedings of the 21st International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 15-18, 2009; Stuttgart, Germany.
2004	Chawla A, Mukherjee S, Mohan D, Parihar A. Validation of lower extremity model in THUMS. In: Proceedings of the 2004 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 22-24, 2004; Graz, Austria.155-166.
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2016	Perez‐Rapela D, Forman JL, Jeon H, Crandall JR. External biofidelity of Flex‐PLI compared to the thums pedestrian model. In: Proceedings of the 2016 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 14-16, 2016; Malaga, Spain.503-504.
2004	Bose D, Bhalla K, Rooij L, Millington S, Studley A, Crandall J. Response of the knee joint to the pedestrian impact loading environment. In: Proceedings of the SAE World Congress & Exhibition. March 8-11, 2004; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers. SAE 2004-01-1608.
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2005	Konosu A, Issiki T, Tanahashi M. Development of a biofidelic flexible pedestrian leg-form impactor (Flex-PLI 2004) and evaluation of its biofidelity at the component level and at the assembly level. In: Proceedings of the SAE World Congress & Exhibition. April 11-14, 2005; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers. SAE 2005-01-1879.
2020	Cameron MW, Schemitsch EH, Zdero R, Quenneville CE. Biomechanical impact testing of synthetic versus human cadaveric tibias for predicting injury risk during pedestrian-vehicle collisions. Traffic Inj Prev. February 17, 2020;21(2):163-168.
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