The use of clinical risk factors enhances the performance of BMD in the prediction of hip and osteoporotic fractures in men and women

Kanis, J. A.; Oden, A.; Johnell, O.; Johansson, H.; De Laet, C.; Brown, J.; Burckhardt, P.; Cooper, C.; Christiansen, C.; Cummings, S.; Eisman, J. A.; Fujiwara, S.; Glüer, C.; Goltzman, D.; Hans, D.; Krieg, M.-A.; La Croix, A.; McCloskey, E.; Mellstrom, D.; Melton, L. J.; Pols, H.; Reeve, J.; Sanders, K.; Schott, A-M.; Silman, A.; Torgerson, D.; van Staa, T.; Watts, N. B.; Yoshimura, N.

Year	Entry
2019	Hansen D, Bazel C, Pelizzari P, Pyenson B; National Osteoporosis Foundation. Medicare Cost of Osteoporotic Fractures: The Clinical and Cost Burden of an Important Consequence of Osteoporosis. Seattle, WA: Milliman Inc; August 2019. Milliman Research Report.
2010	Keaveny TM. Biomechanical computed tomography: noninvasive bone strength analysis using clinical computed tomography scans. Annals NY Acad Sci. 2010;1192(1):57-65.
2016	Kanis JA, Harvey NC, Cooper C, Johansson H, Odén A, McCloskey EV; The Advisory Board of the National Osteoporosis Guideline Group. A systematic review of intervention thresholds based on FRAX: a report prepared for the National Osteoporosis Guideline Group and the International Osteoporosis Foundation. Arch Osteoporos. December 2016;11(1):25.
2017	Compston J, Cooper A, Cooper C, Gittoes N, Gregson C, Harvey N, Hope S, Kanis JA, McCloskey EV, Poole KES, Reid DM, Selby P, Thompson F, Thurston A, Vine N; The National Osteoporosis Guideline Group (NOGG). UK clinical guideline for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Arch Osteoporos. December 2017;12(1):1-24.
2009	Kanis JA, Oden A, Johansson H, Borgström F, Ström O, McCloskey E. FRAX^® and its applications to clinical practice. Bone. May 2009;44(5):734-743.
2017	Curtis EM, Moon RJ, Harvey NC, Cooper C. The impact of fragility fracture and approaches to osteoporosis risk assessment worldwide. Bone. November 2017;104:29-38.
2020	Dela SS, Paruk F, Brown SL, Lukhele M, Kalla AA, Jordaan JD, Conradie M, Mohamed O, Chutterpaul P, Cassim B. Ethnic and gender-specific incidence rates for hip fractures in South Africa: a multi-centre study [published correction appears in Bone. August 2020;137:115435]. Bone. April 2020;133:115253.
2020	Iki M, Yura A, Fujita Y, Kouda K, Tachiki T, Tamaki J, Sato Y, Moon J-S, Hamada M, Kajita E, Okamoto N, Kurumatani N. Relationships between serum uric acid concentrations, uric acid lowering medications, and vertebral fracture in community-dwelling elderly japanese men: Fujiwara-kyo Osteoporosis Risk in Men (FORMEN) Cohort Study. Bone. October 2020;139:115519.
2022	Sornay-Rendu E, Duboeuf F, Ulivieri FM, Rinaudo L, Chapurlat R. The bone strain index predicts fragility fractures: the OFELY study. Bone. April 2022;157:116348.
2022	Heilmeier U, Hackl M, Schroeder F, Torabi S, Kapoor P, Vierlinger K, Eiriksdottir G, Gudmundsson EF, Harris TB, Gudnason V, Link TM, Grillari J, Schwartz AV. Circulating serum microRNAs including senescent miR-31-5p are associated with incident fragility fractures in older postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Bone. May 2022;158:116308.
2019	Westbury LD, Shere C, Edwards MH, Cooper C, Dennison EM, Ward KA. Cluster analysis of finite element analysis and bone microarchitectural parameters identifies phenotypes with high fracture risk. Calcif Tiss Int. September 2019;105(3):252-262.
2020	Ladang A, Beaudart C, Locquet M, Reginster J-Y, Bruyère O, Cavalier E. Evaluation of a panel of microRNAs that predicts fragility fracture risk: a pilot study. Calcif Tiss Int. March 2020;106(3):239-247.
2010	Papaioannou A, Morin S, Cheung AM, Atkinson S, Brown JP, Feldman S, Hanley DA, Hodsman A, Jamal SA, Kaiser SM, Kvern B, Siminoski K, Leslie WD; Scientific Advisory Council of Osteoporosis Canada. 2010 clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in Canada: summary. Can Med Assoc J. November 23, 2010;182(17):1864-1873.
2016	Camacho PM, Petak SM, Binkley N, Clarke BL, Harris ST, Hurley DL, Kleerekoper M, Lewiecki EM, Miller PD, Narula HS, Pessah-Pollack R, Tangpricha V, Wimalawansa SJ, Watts NB. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis — 2016. Endocr Pract. September 1, 2016;22(suppl 4):1-42.
2020	Camacho PM, Petak SM, Binkley N, Diab DL, Eldeiry LS, Farooki A, Harris ST, Hurley DL, Kelly J, Lewiecki EM, Pessah-Pollack R, McClung M, Wimalawansa SJ, Watts NB. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists/American College of Endocrinology Clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis: 2020 update. Endocr Pract. May 2020;26(suppl 1):1-46.
2011	Schwartz AV, Vittinghoff E, Bauer DC, Hillier TA, Strotmeyer ES, Ensrud KE, Donaldson MG, Cauley JA, Harris TB, Koster A, Womack CR, Palermo L, Black DM; Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF); Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS); Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC) Research Groups. Association of BMD and FRAX score with risk of fracture in older adults with type 2 diabetes. JAMA. June 1, 2011;305(21):2184-2192.
2010	Unnanuntana A, Gladnick BP, Donnelly E, Lane JM. The assessment of fracture risk. J Bone Joint Surg. March 2010;92A(3):743-753.
2008	Keaveny TM, Bouxsein ML. Theoretical implications of the biomechanical fracture threshold. J Bone Miner Res. October 2008;23(10):1541-1547.
2010	Keaveny TM, Kopperdahl DL, Melton LJ III, Hoffmann PF, Amin S, Riggs BL, Khosla S. Age‐dependence of femoral strength in white women and men. J Bone Miner Res. May 2010;25(5):994-1001.
2010	Leslie WD, Lix LM, Johansson H, Oden A, McCloskey E, Kanis JA; Manitoba Bone Density Program. Independent clinical validation of a Canadian FRAX tool: fracture prediction and model calibration. J Bone Miner Res. November 2010;25(11):2350-2358.
2011	Amin S, Kopperdhal DL, Melton LJ, Achenbach SJ, Therneau TM, Riggs BL, Keaveny TM, Khosla S. Association of hip strength estimates by finite‐element analysis with fractures in women and men. J Bone Miner Res. July 2011;26(7):1593-1600.
2012	Giangregorio LM, Leslie WD, Lix LM, Johansson H, Oden A, McCloskey E, Kanis JA. FRAX underestimates fracture risk in patients with diabetes. J Bone Miner Res. February 2012;27(2):301-308.
2014	Silva BC, Leslie WD, Resch H, Lamy O, Lesnyak O, Binkley N, McCloskey EV, Kanis JA, Bilezikian JP. Trabecular bone score: a noninvasive analytical method based upon the dxa image. J Bone Miner Res. March 2014;29(3):518-530.
2014	Kopperdahl DL, Aspelund T, Hoffmann PF, Sigurdsson S, Siggeirsdottir K, Harris TB, Gudnason V, Keaveny TM. Assessment of incident spine and hip fractures in women and men using finite element analysis of CT scans. J Bone Miner Res. March 2014;29(3):570-580.
2016	McCloskey EV, Odén A, Harvey NC, Leslie WD, Hans D, Johansson H, Barkmann R, Boutroy S, Brown J, Chapurlat R, Elders PJM, Fujita Y, Glüer C-C, Goltzman D, Iki M, Karlsson M, Kindmark A, Kotowicz M, Kurumatani N, Kwok T, Lamy O, Leung J, Lippuner K, Ljunggren Ö, Lorentzon M, Mellström D, Merlijn T, Oei L, Ohlsson C, Pasco JA, Rivadeneira F, Rosengren B, Sornay-Rendu E, Szulc P, Tamaki J, Kanis JA. A meta-analysis of trabecular bone score in fracture risk prediction and its relationship to FRAX. J Bone Miner Res. May 2016;31(5):940-948.
2020	Keller‐Baruch J, Forgetta V, Manousaki D, Zhou S, Richards JB. Genetically decreased circulating vascular endothelial growth factor and osteoporosis outcomes: a mendelian randomization study. J Bone Miner Res. April 2020;35(4):649-656.
2020	Kinnard V, Baleanu F, Iconaru L, Moreau M, Paesmans M, Body J, Bergmann P. Postfracture risk assessment: target the centrally sited fractures first! a substudy of NoFRACT. J Bone Miner Res. April 2020;35(4):827-828.
2020	Cauley JA, Crandall C. The Women's Health Initiative: a landmark resource for skeletal research since 1992. J Bone Miner Res. May 2020;35(5):845-860.
2020	Dole NS, Yee CS, Mazur CM, Acevedo C, Alliston T. TGFΒ regulation of perilacunar/canalicular remodeling is sexually dimorphic. J Bone Miner Res. August 2020;35(8):1549-1561.
2020	Manousaki D, Forgetta V, Keller‐Baruch J, Zhao K, Greenwood CMT, Mooser V, Bassett JHD, Leslie WD, Richards JB. A polygenic risk score as a risk factor for medication‐associated fractures. J Bone Miner Res. October 2020;35(10):1935-1941.
2022	Banefelt J, Timoshanko J, Söreskog E, Ortsäter G, Moayyeri A, Åkesson KE, Spångéus A, Libanati C. Total hip bone mineral density as an indicator of fracture risk in bisphosphonate-treated patients in a real-world setting. J Bone Miner Res. January 2022;37(1):52-58.
2022	Iconaru L, Charles A, Baleanu F, Surquin M, Benoit F, Mugisha A, Moreau M, Paesmans M, Karmali R, Rubinstein M, Rozenberg S, Body J-J, Bergmann P. Prediction of an imminent fracture after an index fracture: models derived from the Frisbee cohort. J Bone Miner Res. January 2022;37(1):59-67.
2023	Hong N, Cho SW, Shin S, Lee S, Jang SA, Roh S, Lee YH, Rhee Y, Cummings SR, Kim H, Kim KM. Deep-learning-based detection of vertebral fracture and osteoporosis using lateral spine x-ray radiography. J Bone Miner Res. June 2023;38(6):887-895.
2023	Whittier DE, Samelson EJ, Hannan MT, Burt LA, Hanley DA, Biver E, Szulc P, Sornay-Rendu E, Merle B, Chapurlat R, Lespessailles E, Wong AKO, Goltzman D, Khosla S, Ferrari S, Bouxsein ML, Kiel DP, Boyd SK. A fracture risk assessment tool for high resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography. J Bone Miner Res. September 2023;38(9):1234-1244.
2023	Vizcarra P, Moreno A, Vivancos MJ, García AM, Schacke MR, González-Garcia J, Curran A, Palacios R, Guirao AJS, Bañuls SR, Guillén SM, Casado JL; Spanish HIV Research Network (CoRIS). A risk assessment tool for predicting fragility fractures in people with HIV: derivation and internal validation of the FRESIA model. J Bone Miner Res. October 2023;38(10):1443-1452.
2023	Tran TS, Ho-Le TP, Bliuc D, Center JR, Blank RD, Nguyen TV. Prevention of hip fractures: trade-off between minor benefits to individuals and large benefits to the community. J Bone Miner Res. November 2023;38(11):1594-1602.
2015	Silva BC, Broy SB, Boutroy S, Schousboe JT, Shepherd JA, Leslie WD. Fracture risk prediction by non-BMD DXA measures: the 2015 ISCD official positions part 2: trabecular bone score. J Clin Densitom. July–September 2015;18(3):309-330.
2009	KDIGO clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis, evaluation, prevention, and treatment of chronic kidney disease–mineral and bone disorder (CKD–MBD). Kidney Int. August 2009;76(suppl 113):S1-S130.
2012	Estrada K, Styrkarsdottir U, Evangelou E, Hsu Y-H, Duncan EL, Ntzani EE, Oei L, Albagha OME, Amin N, Kemp JP, Koller DL, Li G, Liu C-T, Minster RL, Moayyeri A, Vandenput L, Willner D, Xiao S-M, Yerges-Armstrong LM, Zheng H-F, Alonso N, Eriksson J, Kammerer CM, Kaptoge SK, Leo PJ, Thorleifsson G, Wilson SG, Wilson JF, Aalto V, Alen M, Aragaki AK, Aspelund T, Center JR, Dailiana Z, Duggan DJ, Garcia M, Garcia-Giralt N, Giroux S, Hallmans G, Hocking LJ, Husted LB, Jameson KA, Khusainova R, Kim GS, Kooperberg C, Koromila T, Kruk M, Laaksonen M, Lacroix AZ, Lee SH, Leung PC, Lewis JR, Masi L, Mencej-Bedrac S, Nguyen TV, Nogues X, Patel MS, Prezelj J, Rose LM, Scollen S, Siggeirsdottir K, Smith AV, Svensson O, Trompet S, Trummer O, van Schoor NM, Woo J, Zhu K, Balcells S, Brandi ML, Buckley BM, Cheng S, Christiansen C, Cooper C, Dedoussis G, Ford I, Frost M, Goltzman D, González-Macías J, Kähönen M, Karlsson M, Khusnutdinova E, Koh J-M, Kollia P, Langdahl BL, Leslie WD, Lips P, Ljunggren Ö, Lorenc RS, Marc J, Mellström D, Obermayer-Pietsch B, Olmos JM, Pettersson-Kymmer U, Reid DM, Riancho JA, Ridker PM, Rousseau F, Slagboom PE, Tang NLS, Urreizti R, Van Hul W, Viikari J, Zarrabeitia MT, Aulchenko YS, Castano-Betancourt M, Grundberg E, Herrera L, Ingvarsson T, Johannsdottir H, Kwan T, Li R, Luben R, Medina-Gómez C, Palsson ST, Reppe S, Rotter JI, Sigurdsson G, van Meurs JBJ, Verlaan D, Williams FMK, Wood AR, Zhou Y, Gautvik KM, Pastinen T, Raychaudhuri S, Cauley JA, Chasman DI, Clark GR, Cummings SR, Danoy P, Dennison EM, Eastell R, Eisman JA, Gudnason V, Hofman A, Jackson RD, Jones G, Jukema JW, Khaw K-T, Lehtimäki T, Liu Y, Lorentzon M, McCloskey E, Mitchell BD, Nandakumar K, Nicholson GC, Oostra BA, Peacock M, Pols HAP, Prince RL, Raitakari O, Reid IR, Robbins J, Sambrook PN, Sham PC, Shuldiner AR, Tylavsky FA, van Duijn CM, Wareham NJ, Cupples LA, Econs MJ, Evans DM, Harris TB, Kung AWC, Psaty BM, Reeve J, Spector TD, Streeten EA, Zillikens MC, Thorsteinsdottir U, Ohlsson C, Karasik D, Richards JB, Brown MA, Stefansson K, Uitterlinden AG, Ralston SH, Ioannidis JPA, Kiel DP, Rivadeneira F. Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies 56 bone mineral density loci and reveals 14 loci associated with risk of fracture. Nat Genet. April 15, 2012;44(5):491-501.
2008	Kanis JA, Johnell O, Oden A, Johansson H, McCloskey E. FRAX™ and the assessment of fracture probability in men and women from the UK. Osteoporos Int. April 2008;19(4):385-397.
2011	Kanis JA, Hans D, Cooper C, Baim S, Bilezikian JP, Binkley N, Cauley JA, Compston JE, Dawson-Hughes B, El-Hajj Fuleihan G, Johansson H, Leslie WD, Lewiecki EM, Luckey M, Oden A, Papapoulos SE, Poiana C, Rizzoli R, Wahl DA, McCloskey EV. Interpretation and use of FRAX in clinical practice. Osteoporos Int. September 2011;22(9):2395-2411.
2013	Kanis JA, McCloskey EV, Johansson H, Cooper C, Rizzoli R, Reginster J-Y; Scientific Advisory Board of the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis (ESCEO); Committee of Scientific Advisors of the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF). European guidance for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int. January 2013;24(1):23-57.
2019	Kanis JA, Cooper C, Rizzoli R, Reginster J-Y; Scientific Advisory Board of the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis (ESCEO); Committees of Scientific Advisors and National Societies of the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF). European guidance for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int. January 2019;30(1):3-44.
2020	Kanis JA, Harvey NC, McCloskey E, Bruyère O, Veronese N, Lorentzon M, Cooper C, Rizzoli R, Adib G, Al-Daghri N, Campusano C, Chandran M, Dawson-Hughes B, Javaid K, Jiwa F, Johansson H, Lee JK, Liu E, Messina D, Mkinsi O, Pinto D, Prieto-Alhambra D, Saag K, Xia W, Zakraoui L, Reginster J-Y. Algorithm for the management of patients at low, high and very high risk of osteoporotic fractures. Osteoporos Int. January 2020;31(1):1-12.
2020	Søgaard AJ, Magnus JH, Bjørnerem Å, Holvik K, Ranhoff AH, Emaus N, Meyer HE, Strand BH. Grip strength in men and women aged 50–79 years is associated with non-vertebral osteoporotic fracture during 15 years follow-up: the Tromsø Study 1994–1995. Osteoporos Int. January 2020;31(1):131-140.
2020	Keaveny TM, Clarke BL, Cosman F, Orwoll ES, Siris ES, Khosla S, Bouxsein ML. Biomechanical computed tomography analysis (BCT) for clinical assessment of osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int. June 2020;31(6):1025-1048.
2020	Leslie WD, Morin SN, Lix LM, Binkley N. Targeted bone density testing for optimizing fracture prevention in Canada. Osteoporos Int. July 2020;31(7):1291-1297.
2020	Söreskog E, Borgström F, Shepstone L, Clarke S, Cooper C, Harvey I, Harvey NC, Howe A, Johansson H, Marshall T, O’Neill TW, Peters TJ, Redmond NM, Turner D, Holland R, McCloskey E, Kanis JA; SCOOP study team. Long-term cost-effectiveness of screening for fracture risk in a UK primary care setting: the SCOOP study. Osteoporos Int. August 2020;31(8):1499-1506.
2020	Clynes MA, Westbury LD, Dennison EM, Kanis JA, Javaid MK, Harvey NC, Fujita M, Cooper C, Leslie WD, Shuhart CR; International Society for Clinical Densitometry (ISCD); International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF). Bone densitometry worldwide: a global survey by the ISCD and IOF. Osteoporos Int. September 2020;31(9):1779-1786.
2020	Kanis JA, Johansson H, Harvey NC, Gudnason V, Sigurdsson G, Siggeirsdottir K, Lorentzon M, Liu E, Vandenput L, McCloskey EV. Adjusting conventional FRAX estimates of fracture probability according to the recency of sentinel fractures. Osteoporos Int. October 2020;31(10):1817-1828.
2021	Duerksen DR, Lix LM, Johansson H, McCloskey EV, Harvey NC, Kanis JA, Leslie WD. Fracture risk assessment in celiac disease: a registry-based cohort study. Osteoporos Int. January 2021;32(1):93-99.
2021	Sagalla N, Colón-Emeric C, Sloane R, Lyles K, Vognsen J, Lee R. FRAX without BMD can be used to risk-stratify veterans who recently sustained a low trauma non-vertebral/non-hip fracture. Osteoporos Int. March 2021;32(3):467-472.
2021	Brance ML, Pons-Estel BA, Quagliato NJ, Jorfen M, Berbotto G, Cortese N, Raggio JC, Palatnik M, Chavero I, Soldano J, Dieguez C, Sánchez A, Rio LD, Di Gregorio S, Brun LR. Trabecular and cortical bone involvement in rheumatoid arthritis by DXA and DXA-based 3D modelling. Osteoporos Int. April 2021;32(4):705-714.
2021	Domiciano DS, Machado LG, Figueiredo CP, Caparbo VF, Oliveira RM, Menezes PR, Pereira RMR. Incidence and risk factors for osteoporotic non-vertebral fracture in low-income community-dwelling elderly: a population-based prospective cohort study in Brazil: the São Paulo Ageing and Health (SPAH) study. Osteoporos Int. April 2021;32(4):747-757.
2019	Colombo C, Libonati F, Rinaudo L, Bellazzi M, Ulivieri FM, Vergani L. A new finite element based parameter to predict bone fracture. PLoS One. December 5, 2019;14(12):e0225905.
2016	Pisani P, Renna MD, Conversano F, Casciaro E, Di Paola M, Quarta E, Muratore M, Casciaro S. Major osteoporotic fragility fractures: risk factor updates and societal impact. World J Orthop. March 18, 2016;7(3):171-181.
2010	Wright NC. The Association Between Rheumatoid Arthritis, Bone Strength, and Body Composition Within the Women's Health Initiative [PhD thesis]. University of Arizona; 2010.
2017	Billington E. Emerging Issues in Osteoporosis [MD thesis]. Auckland, New Zealand: University of Auckland; 2017.
2012	Moayyeri A. Risk Assessment for Osteoporotic Fractures Among Men and Women from a Prospective Population Study: The EPIC-Norfolk Study [PhD thesis]. Cambridge, UK: University of Cambridge; 2012.
2016	Oei L. Epidemiological, Radiological and Genetic Aspects of Endocrine Bone Diseases [PhD thesis]. Erasmus University Rotterdam; December 14, 2016.
2016	Grassi L. Femoral Strength Prediction Using Finite Element Models: Validation of Models Based on CT and Reconstructed DXA Images Against Full-Field Strain Measurements [PhD thesis]. Lund, Sweden: Lund University; 2016.
2013	Rubin KH. The Use of Risk Assessment Tools in the Clinical Management of Osteoporosis [PhD thesis]. University of Southern Denmark (SDU); July 2013.
2018	Metcalf LM. HR-PQCT Scanning of the Human Calcaneus: Early Development and Validation of Assessment of Calcaneal Trabecular Microstructure [PhD thesis]. University of Sheffield; March 2018.
2021	Whittier DEW. The Assessment of Fragility Fracture Risk Using HR-PQCT as a Novel Tool for Diagnosis of Osteoporosis [PhD thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; August 2021.
2021	McLaughlin EC. Cause or Consequence? The Interrelationship Between Physical Activity and Fractures [Master's thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2021.
2022	Ponzano M. Risk Assessment and Interventions for Individuals At Risk of Osteoporotic Fractures [PhD thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2022.

Year	Entry
1997	Kanis JA, Delmas P, Burckhardt P, Cooper C, Torgerson D; European Foundation for Osteoporosis and Bone Disease. Guidelines for diagnosis and management of osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int. July 1997;7(4):390-406.
2002	Brown JP, Josse RG; Scientific Advisory Council of the Osteoporosis Society of Canada. 2002 clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in Canada. Can Med Assoc J. November 12, 2002;167(suppl 10):S1-S34.
1999	Kreiger N, Tenenhouse A, Joseph L, Mackenzie T, Poliquin S, Brown JP, Prior JC, Rittmaster RS. The Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis study (CaMos): background, rationale, methods. Can J Aging. 1999;18(3):376-387.
2005	Kanis JA, Johansson H, Johnell O, Oden A, De Laet C, Eisman JA, Pols H, Tenenhouse A. Alcohol intake as a risk factor for fracture. Osteoporos Int. July 2005;16(7):737-742.
1994	Kanis JA, Melton LJ III, Christiansen C, Johnston CC, Khaltaev N. The diagnosis of osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res. August 1994;9(8):1137-1141.
2004	Johansson H, Oden A, Johnell O, Jonsson B, de Laet C, Oglesby A, McCloskey EV, Kayan K, Jalava T, Kanis JA. Optimization of BMD measurements to identify high risk groups for treatment: a test analysis. J Bone Miner Res. June 2004;19(6):906-913.
2005	De Laet C, Kanis JA, Odén A, Johanson H, Johnell O, Delmas P, Eisman JA, Kroger H, Fujiwara S, Garnero P, McCloskey EV, Mellstrom D, Melton LJ III, Meunier PJ, Pols HAP, Reeve J, Silman A, Tenenhouse A. Body mass index as a predictor of fracture risk: a meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int. November 2005;16(11):1330-1338.
1998	Schott AM, Cormier C, Hans D, Favier F, Hausherr E, Dargent-Molina P, Delmas PD, Ribot C, Sebert JL, Breart G, Meunier PJ; EPIDOS Group. How hip and whole-body bone mineral density predict hip fracture in elderly women: the EPIDOS prospective study. Osteoporos Int. May 1998;8(3):247-254.
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2001	McClung MR, Geusens P, Miller PD, Zippel H, Bensen WG, Roux C, Adami S, Fogelman I, Diamond T, Eastell R, Meunier PJ, Wasnich RD, Greenwald M, Kaufman J-M, Chesnut CH, Reginster J-Y; Hip Intervention Program Study Group. Effect of risedronate on the risk of hip fracture in elderly women: Hip Intervention Program Study Group. NEJM. February 1, 2001;344(5):333-340.
2000	Reginster J-Y, Minne HW, Sorensen OH, Hooper M, Roux C, Brandi ML, Lund B, Ethgen D, Pack S, Roumagnac I, Eastell R; Vertebral Efficacy with Risedronate Therapy (VERT) Study Group. Randomized trial of the effects of risedronate on vertebral fractures in women with established postmenopausal osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int. January 2000;11(1):83-91.
2005	Johnell O, Kanis JA, Oden A, Johansson H, De Laet C, Delmas P, Eisman JA, Fujiwara S, Kroger H, Mellstrom D, Meunier PJ, Melton LJ III, O'Neill T, Pols H, Reeve J, Silman A, Tenenhouse A. Predictive value of BMD for hip and other fractures. J Bone Miner Res. July 2005;20(7):1185-1194.
1994	Jones G, Nguyen T, Sambrook PN, Kelly PJ, Gilbert C, Eisman JA. Symptomatic fracture incidence in elderly men and women: the Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study (DOES). Osteoporos Int. September 1994;4(5):277-282.
1996	O'Neill TW, Felsenberg D, Varlow J, Cooper C, Kanis JA, Silman AJ; The Eutopean Vertebral Osteoporosis Study Group. The prevalence of vertebral deformity in European men and women: the European Vertebral Osteoporosis study. J Bone Miner Res. July 1996;11(7):1010-1018.
2004	Kanis JA, Johansson H, Oden A, Johnell O, de Laet C, Melton LJ III, Tenenhouse A, Reeve J, Silman AJ, Pols HAP, Eisman JA, McCloskey EV, Mellstrom D. A meta-analysis of prior corticosteroid use and fracture risk. J Bone Miner Res. June 2004;19(6):893-899.
2001	Black DM, Steinbuch M, Palermo L, Dargent-Molina P, Lindsay R, Hoseyni MS, Johnell O. An assessment tool for predicting fracture risk in postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int. August 2001;12(7):519-528.
2004	Kanis J, Johnell O, De Laet C, Johansson H, Oden A, Delmas P, Eisman J, Fujiwara S, Garnero P, Kroger H, McCloskey E, Mellstrom D, Melton L, Pols H, Reeve J, Silman A, Tenenhouse A. A meta-analysis of previous fracture and subsequent fracture risk. Bone. August 2004;35(2):375-382.
2002	Kanis JA. Diagnosis of osteoporosis and assessment of fracture risk. Lancet. June 1, 2002;359(9321):1929-1936.
2005	Kanis JA, Borgstrom F, De Laet C, Johansson H, Johnell O, Jonsson B, Oden A, Zethraeus N, Pfleger B, Khaltaev N. Assessment of fracture risk. Osteoporos Int. June 2005;16(6):581-589.
1998	Melton LJ III, Atkinson EJ, O'Connor MK, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL. Bone density and fracture risk in men. J Bone Miner Res. December 1998;13(12):1915-1923.
1996	Marshall D, Johnell O, Wedel H. Meta-analysis of how well measures of bone mineral density predict occurrence of osteoporotic fractures. BMJ. May 18, 1996;312(7041):1254-1259.