The Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis study (CaMos):​ background, rationale, methods

Kreiger, Nancy<sup>1,2</sup>; Tenenhouse, Alan<sup>3</sup>; Joseph, Lawrence<sup>3</sup>; Mackenzie, Tom<sup>4</sup>; Poliquin, Suzette<sup>3</sup>; Brown, Jacques P.<sup>5</sup>; Prior, Jerilynn C.<sup>6</sup>; Rittmaster, Roger S.<sup>7</sup>

Affiliations

¹University of Toronto

²Cancer Care Ontario

³Montreal General Hospital

⁴Deceased

⁵Le Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Quebec

⁶The University of British Columbia

⁷Glaxo Wellcome Inc.

Abstract (English)

Relatively little is known about the factors in Canada which lead to osteoporosis and its concomitant fractures. The Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study (CaMos) is a prospective cohort study which will estimate the incidence and prevalence of declining bone mass and fractures. The impact of osteoporosis in Canada will be assessed, including regional variation and the effect of various risk factors. The study will provide information for developing prevention programs. The cohort has been drawn from a random population-based sample of non-institutionalized men and women 25 years old or more and living within 50 km. of nine cities in Canada. Through telephone interviews 9,423 participants have been recruited. All answered an extensive questionnaire, and had physical measurements related to bone quality taken. This paper details the CaMos baseline and five-year follow-up protocol.

Abstract (French)

On en sait relativement peu sur les facteurs au Canada qui entrainent l'osteoporose et ses fractures concomitantes. L'etude canadienne multicentrique sur l'ostéoporose (CaMos) est une etude prospective par cohorte qui evaluera l'incidence et la prévalence de la perte de la masse osseuse et des fractures. Les repercussions de l'osteoporose au Canada seront évaluées, en tenant compte de la variation régionale et les conséquences des divers facteurs de risque. L'étude fournira de l'information en vue d'élaborer des programmes de prévention. La cohorte est constituée d'un échantillon de population choisi au hasard dTiommes et de femmes non-institutionnalises, âgés de 25 ans ou plus, qui habitent dans un rayon de 50 km. de neuf villes canadiennes. 9423 sujets ont été recrutés par des entrevues téléphoniques. Tous les participants ont répondu à un questionnaire approfondi et se sont soumis à des mesures de la qualité osseuse. Cet article fournit les détails de base de CaMos ainsi que le protocole suivi de cinq ans.

Links

DOI: 10.1017/S0714980800009934

History

Received: 1998-08-19

Accepted: 1999-03-23

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Year	Entry
2004	Kanis J, Johnell O, De Laet C, Johansson H, Oden A, Delmas P, Eisman J, Fujiwara S, Garnero P, Kroger H, McCloskey E, Mellstrom D, Melton L, Pols H, Reeve J, Silman A, Tenenhouse A. A meta-analysis of previous fracture and subsequent fracture risk. Bone. August 2004;35(2):375-382.
2015	Prior JC, Langsetmo L, Lentle BC, Berger C, Goltzman D, Kovacs CS, Kaiser SM, Adachi JD, Papaioannou A, Anastassiades T, Towheed T, Josse RG, Brown JP, Leslie WD, Kreiger N; CaMOS Research Group. Ten-year incident osteoporosis-related fractures in the population-based Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study: comparing site and age-specific risks in women and men. Bone. February 2015;71:237-243.
2020	Macdonald HM, Maan EJ, Berger C, Dunn RA, Côté HCF, Murray MCM, Pick N, Prior JC. Deficits in bone strength, density and microarchitecture in women living with HIV: a cross-sectional HR-pQCT study. Bone. September 2020;138:115509.
2004	Kanis JA, Johansson H, Oden A, Johnell O, de Laet C, Melton LJ III, Tenenhouse A, Reeve J, Silman AJ, Pols HAP, Eisman JA, McCloskey EV, Mellstrom D. A meta-analysis of prior corticosteroid use and fracture risk. J Bone Miner Res. June 2004;19(6):893-899.
2005	Johnell O, Kanis JA, Oden A, Johansson H, De Laet C, Delmas P, Eisman JA, Fujiwara S, Kroger H, Mellstrom D, Meunier PJ, Melton LJ III, O'Neill T, Pols H, Reeve J, Silman A, Tenenhouse A. Predictive value of BMD for hip and other fractures. J Bone Miner Res. July 2005;20(7):1185-1194.
2010	Nishiyama KK, Macdonald HM, Buie HR, Hanley DA, Boyd SK. Postmenopausal women with osteopenia have higher cortical porosity and thinner cortices at the distal radius and tibia than women with normal aBMD: an in vivo HR-pQCT study. J Bone Miner Res. April 2010;25(4):882-890.
2011	Macdonald HM, Nishiyama KK, Kang J, Hanley DA, Boyd SK. Age‐related patterns of trabecular and cortical bone loss differ between sexes and skeletal sites: a population‐based HT‐pQCT study. J Bone Miner Res. January 2011;26(1):50-62.
2016	McCloskey EV, Odén A, Harvey NC, Leslie WD, Hans D, Johansson H, Barkmann R, Boutroy S, Brown J, Chapurlat R, Elders PJM, Fujita Y, Glüer C-C, Goltzman D, Iki M, Karlsson M, Kindmark A, Kotowicz M, Kurumatani N, Kwok T, Lamy O, Leung J, Lippuner K, Ljunggren Ö, Lorentzon M, Mellström D, Merlijn T, Oei L, Ohlsson C, Pasco JA, Rivadeneira F, Rosengren B, Sornay-Rendu E, Szulc P, Tamaki J, Kanis JA. A meta-analysis of trabecular bone score in fracture risk prediction and its relationship to FRAX. J Bone Miner Res. May 2016;31(5):940-948.
2020	Wong AK, Chandrakumar A, Whyte R, Reitsma S, Gillick H, Pokhoy A, Papaioannou A, Adachi JD. Bone marrow and muscle fat infiltration are correlated among postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: the AMBERS cohort study. J Bone Miner Res. March 2020;35(3):516-527.
2020	Li G, Leslie WD, Kovacs CS, Prior J, Josse RG, Towheed T, Davison KS, Thabane L, Papaioannou A, Levine MAH, Goltzman D, Zeng J, Qi Y, Tian J, Adachi JD; Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study (CaMos) Research Group. Combining frailty and trabecular bone score did not improve predictive accuracy in risk of major osteoporotic fractures. J Bone Miner Res. June 2020;35(6):1058-1064.
2020	Cusano NE, Rubin MR, Williams JM, Agarwal S, Tabacco G, Tay D, Majeed R, Omeragic B, Bilezikian JP. Changes in skeletal microstructure through four continuous years of rhPTH(1–84) therapy in hypoparathyroidism. J Bone Miner Res. July 2020;35(7):1274-1281.
2020	Tran T, Bliuc D, Pham HM, van Geel T, Adachi JD, Berger C, van den Bergh J, Eisman JA, Geusens P, Goltzman D, Hanley DA, Josse RG, Kaiser SM, Kovacs CS, Langsetmo L, Prior JC, Nguyen TV, Center JR; CaMoS Research Group. A risk assessment tool for predicting fragility fractures and mortality in the elderly. J Bone Miner Res. October 2020;35(10):1923-1934.
2005	Kanis JA, Johansson H, Johnell O, Oden A, De Laet C, Eisman JA, Pols H, Tenenhouse A. Alcohol intake as a risk factor for fracture. Osteoporos Int. July 2005;16(7):737-742.
2005	De Laet C, Kanis JA, Odén A, Johanson H, Johnell O, Delmas P, Eisman JA, Kroger H, Fujiwara S, Garnero P, McCloskey EV, Mellstrom D, Melton LJ III, Meunier PJ, Pols HAP, Reeve J, Silman A, Tenenhouse A. Body mass index as a predictor of fracture risk: a meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int. November 2005;16(11):1330-1338.
2007	Kanis JA, Oden A, Johnell O, Johansson H, De Laet C, Brown J, Burckhardt P, Cooper C, Christiansen C, Cummings S, Eisman JA, Fujiwara S, Glüer C, Goltzman D, Hans D, Krieg M-A, La Croix A, McCloskey E, Mellstrom D, Melton LJ, Pols H, Reeve J, Sanders K, Schott A-M, Silman A, Torgerson D, van Staa T, Watts NB, Yoshimura N. The use of clinical risk factors enhances the performance of BMD in the prediction of hip and osteoporotic fractures in men and women. Osteoporos Int. August 2007;18(8):1033-1046.
2013	Nishiyama KK, Macdonald HM, Hanley DA, Boyd SK. Women with previous fragility fractures can be classified based on bone microarchitecture and finite element analysis measured with HR-pQCT. Osteoporos Int. May 2013;24(5):1733-1740.
2014	Kawalilak CE, Johnston JD, Olszynski WP, Kontulainen SA. Characterizing microarchitectural changes at the distal radius and tibia in postmenopausal women using HR-pQCT. Osteoporos Int. August 2014;25(8):2057-2066.
2020	Papaioannou A, Adachi JD, Berger C, Jiang Y, Barron R, McGinley JS, Wirth RJ, Anastassiades TP, Davison KS, Hanley DA, Ioannidis G, Kaiser SM, Kovacs CS, Leslie WD, Morin SN, Prior JC, Towheed T, Goltzman D. Testing a theoretical model of imminent fracture risk in elderly women: an observational cohort analysis of the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study. Osteoporos Int. June 2020;31(6):1145-1153.
2013	Wong AKO. A Tri-Modality Comparison of Volumetric Bone Measure Quantification Using 1.0 Tesla Peripheral Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography and Highresolution-Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography Images [PhD thesis]. Hamilton, ON: McMaster University; October 2013.
2005	Ashe MC. Upper Limb Bone Health: Cadaveric, Imaging and Clinical Studies With Special Emphasis on Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography [PhD thesis]. Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia; April 2005.
2012	Nishiyama KKS. In Vivo Assessment of Bone Microarchitecture and Estimated Bone Strength [PhD thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; October 2012.
2018	George JK. Using Finite Element Models Under Multiple Loading Conditions to Improve the Association Between Radius and Tibia Microarchitecture and Prevalent Osteoporotic Vertebral Fracture [Master's thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; May 2018.
2011	Lala D. Determinants of Fracture Risk Among Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury: A Case Control Study [Master's thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2011.
2021	McLaughlin EC. Cause or Consequence? The Interrelationship Between Physical Activity and Fractures [Master's thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2021.
2022	Ponzano M. Risk Assessment and Interventions for Individuals At Risk of Osteoporotic Fractures [PhD thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2022.