Anisotropy in the compressive mechanical properties of bovine cortical bone and the mineral and protein constituents

Novitskaya, Ekaterina; Chen, Po-Yu; Lee, Steve; Castro-Ceseña, Ana; Hirata, Gustavo; Lubarda, Vlado A.; McKittrick, Joanna

Affiliations

¹Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diegoa, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA

²Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Ensenada, Mexico

³Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnologia, UNAM, Ensenada, Mexico

⁴Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diegoa, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA

Abstract and keywords

The mechanical properties of fully demineralized, fully deproteinized and untreated cortical bovine femur bone were investigated by compression testing in three anatomical directions (longitudinal, radial and transverse). The weighted sum of the stress–strain curves of the treated bones was far lower than that of the untreated bone, indicating a strong molecular and/or mechanical interaction between the collagen matrix and the mineral phase. Demineralization and deproteinization of the bone demonstrated that contiguous, stand-alone structures result, showing that bone can be considered an interpenetrating composite material. Structural features of the samples from all groups were studied by optical and scanning electron microscopy. Anisotropic mechanical properties were observed: the radial direction was found to be the strongest for untreated bone, while the longitudinal one was found to be the strongest for deproteinized and demineralized bones. A possible explanation for this phenomenon is the difference in bone microstructure in the radial and longitudinal directions.

Keywords: Anisotropy; Cortical bone; Compression; Demineralization; Deproteinization

Links

DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.04.025

PubMed: 21571104

WoS: 000293259500018

History

Received: 2011-02-10

Revised: 2011-04-26

Accepted: 2011-04-26

Online: 2011-04-30

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