Impact points and resultant injuries to the head of motor-cyclists involved in accidents, with and without crash helmets

Otte, D.; Jessl, P.; Suren, E. G.

Affiliations

¹Institute of Automotive Engineering, Technical University, Berlin

²Institute of Battelle e.V., Frankfurt

³Hannover Medical School, Department of Trauma Surgery

Cited Works (5)

Year	Entry
1976	The Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) 1976 Revision. Morton Grove, IL: Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM); 1976.
1961	Snively GG, Chichester CO. Evaluation and design criteria of protective headgear. In: Proceedings of the 5th Stapp Car Crash and Field Demonstration Conference. September 14-16, 1961; University of Minnesota. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:182-190.
1980	The Abbreviated Injury Scale 1980 Revision. Morton Grove, IL: Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM); 1980.
1978	Got C, Patel A, Fayon A, Tarrière C, Walfisch G. Results of experimental head impacts on cadavers: the various data obtained and their relations to some measured physical parameters. In: Proceedings of the 22nd Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 24-26, 1978; Ann Arobor, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:57-99. SAE 780887.
1980	Ono K, Kikuchi A, Nakamura M, Kobayashi H, Nakamura N. Human head tolerance to sagittal impact reliable estimation deduced from experimental head injury using subhuman primates and human cadaver skulls. In: Proceedings of the 24th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 15-17, 1980; Troy, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:103-160. SAE 801303.

Cited By (15)

Year	Entry
1987	Ueyama M, Saito S, Makisita H, Abe S, Omae H, Mukaida M, Ishiyama I. A study on kinematics and injury mechanism for riders of motorcycle in motorcycle/car accidents. In: 31st Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). September 28-30, 1987; New Orleans, LA.369-388.
1990	Mills NJ, Gilchrist A. The effectiveness of foams in bicycle & motorcycle helmets. In: 34th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 1-3, 1990; Scottsdale, AZ.391-404.
1992	Mills NJ, Gilchrist A. Motorcycle helmet shell optimisation. In: 36th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 5-7, 1992; Portland, OR.149-162.
2002	Otte D, Schroeder G, Richter M. Possibilities for load reductions using garment leg protectors for motorcyclists: a technical, medical and biomechanical approach. In: 46th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). September 30–October 2, 2002; Tempe, AZ.
1989	Koch H. Motorcycle safety research and development: state of the art. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). May 29–June 1, 1989; Göteborg, Sweden.1362-1367.
1990	Hopes PD, Chinn BP. The correlation of damage to crash helmets with injury, and the implications for injury tolerance criteria. In: Proceedings of the 1990 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 12-14, 1990; Lyon, France.319-331.
1991	Chandler S, Gilchrist A, Mills NJ. Motorcycle helmet load spreading performance for impacts into rigid and deformable objects. In: Proceedings of the 1991 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 11-13, 1991; Berlin, Germany.249-261.
1993	Beusenberg MC, Happee R. An experimental evaluation of crash helmet design and effectiveness in standard impact tests. In: Proceedings of the 1993 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 8-10, 1993; Eindhoven, The Netherlands.307-323.
1993	Gilchrist A, Mills NJ. Deformation analysis for motorcycle helmets. In: Proceedings of the 1993 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 8-10, 1993; Eindhoven, The Netherlands.269-281.
1993	Schuller E, König W, Beier G. Criteria for head impact protection by motorcycle helmets. In: Proceedings of the 1993 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 8-10, 1993; Eindhoven, The Netherlands.283-294.
1994	Mitsuishi H, Ono K, Nishimoto T, Nakamura N. Present and future performance levels of head injury protection for motorcycle helmets: an attempt to search for better impact energy absorption property of helmets. In: Proceedings of the 1994 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 21-23, 1994; Lyon, France.259-270.
1994	Otte D. Biomechanics of impacts to the legs of motorcyclists and constructional demands for leg protectors on the motorcycle. In: Proceedings of the 1994 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 21-23, 1994; Lyon, France.271-290.
1985	Mills NJ, Ward RF. The biomechanics of motorcycle helmet retention. In: Proceedings of the 1985 International IRCOBI/AAAM Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 24-26, 1985; Göteborg, Sweden.117-127.
1985	Walz FH, Dubas L, Burkart F, Kosik D. Head injuries in moped and bicycle collisions: implications for bicycle helmet design. In: Proceedings of the 1985 International IRCOBI/AAAM Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 24-26, 1985; Göteborg, Sweden.91-103.
1992	Pedder JB. Characteristics of Serious and Fatal Motorcycle Accidents and the Potential for Injury Prevention [PhD thesis]. Birmingham, UK: University of Birmingham; August 1992.