An experimental model for the study of lower leg and knee injuries in car-pedestrian impacts

Aldman, B.; Thorngren, L.; Bunketorp, O.; Romanus, B.

Affiliations

¹Traffic Safety, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg

²Department of Orthopaedic Surgery II, University of Gothenburg, Sweden

Abstract

A theoretical analysis of the reaction forces on the human leg during car-pedestrian lateral impacts is made. The possibility to minim-ize these forces in the knee by varying the impact level is illustrated. A mechanical model of the lower extremity has been used in experiments simulating the leg-bumper impacts. Based on these data the significance of different bumper levels and types for lower leg and knee injuries seen in car-pedestrian accidents is discussed.

Cited Works (3)

Year	Entry
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Cited By (19)

Year	Entry
1991	Huelke DF, Compton TW, Compton CP. Lower extremity injuries in frontal crashes: injuries, locations, AIS and contacts. 1991. SAE 910811.
2015	Simms CK, Wood D, Fredriksson R. Pedestrian injury biomechanics and protection. In: Yoganandan N, Nahum AM, Melvin JW, eds. Accidental Injury: Biomechanics and Prevention. 3rd ed. New York: Springer; 2015:721-753.
2004	Subit D. Modélisation De La Liaison Os-Ligament Dans L’articulation Du Genou [in French] [PhD thesis]. Aix-Marseille II, France: Université de la Méditerranée; 2004.
1994	Sakurai M, Kobayashi K, Ono K, Sasaki A. Evaluation of pedestrian protection test procedure in Japan: influence of upper body mass on leg impact test. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 23-26, 1994; Munich, Germany.1114-1130.
1980	Aldman B, Thorngren L, Bunketorp O, Romanus B. An experimental model system for the study of lower leg and knee injuries in car pedestrian accidents. In: Proceedings of the 8th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). October 21-24, 1980; Wolfsburg, Germany.841-849.
1980	Langwieder K, Danner M, Wachter W, Hummel T. Patterns of multi-traumatisation in pedestrian accidents in relation to injury combinations and car shape. In: Proceedings of the 8th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). October 21-24, 1980; Wolfsburg, Germany.854-878.
1982	Fowler JE, Harris J. Practical vehicle design for pedestrian protection. In: Proceedings of the 9th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). November 1-4, 1982; Kyoto, Japan.214-224.
1982	Bunketorp O, Aldman B, Thorngren L, Romanus B. Clinical and experimental studies on leg injuries in car-pedestrian accidents. In: Proceedings of the 9th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). November 1-4, 1982; Kyoto, Japan.376-386.
1982	European Experimental Vehicle Committee. Pedestrian injury accidents. In: Proceedings of the 9th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). November 1-4, 1982; Kyoto, Japan.638-671.
1985	Aldman B, Kajzer J, Cesari D, Bouquet R, Zac R. A new dummy for pedestrian test. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). July 1-4, 1985; Oxford, England.176-185. SAE 856031.
1985	Aldman B, Kajzer J, Anderlind T, Malmqvist M, Mellander H, Turbell T. Load transfer from the striking vehicle in side and pedestrian impacts. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). July 1-4, 1985; Oxford, England.620-637. SAE 856082.
1985	Costanzo A. General problems concerning car-pedestrian collision. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). July 1-4, 1985; Oxford, England.943-948. SAE 856109.
1985	European Experimental Vehicle Committee. Pedestrian injury protection by car design. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). July 1-4, 1985; Oxford, England.965-976. SAE 856112.
1985	Aldman B, Kajzer J, Bunketorp O, Eppinger R. An experimental study of a modified compliant bumper. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). July 1-4, 1985; Oxford, England.1035-1040. SAE 856118.
1985	Stürtz G. Experimental simulation of the pedestrian impact. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). July 1-4, 1985; Oxford, England.1045-1052. SAE 856120.
1981	Bunketorp O, Aldman B, Jonson R, Romanus B, Roos B, Thorngren L. Experimental studies on leg injuries in car-pedestrian accidents. In: Proceedings of the 1981 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 8-10, 1981; Salon de Provence, France.243-255.
1989	Wood DP, O Riordain S. Mathematical analysis of pedestrian lower leg impacts. In: Proceedings of the 1989 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 13-15, 1989; Stockholm, Sweden.169-182.
1981	Ashton SJ. Factors associated with pelvic and knee injuries in pedestrians struck by the fronts of cars. In: Proceedings of the 25th Stapp Car Crash Conference. September 28-30, 1981; San Francisco, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:863-900. SAE 811026.
1983	Bunketorp O, Romanus B, Hansson T, Aldman B, Thorngren L, Eppinger RH. Experimental study of a compliant bumper system. In: Proceedings of the 27th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 17-19, 1983; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:287-297. SAE 831623.