An evaluation of a current rear impact dummy against human response corridors in both pure and oblique rear impact

Willis, Claire; Carroll, Jolyon; Roberts, Adrian

Abstract

Much recent research has been conducted on Whiplash Injury, however little has focussed on oblique or non-symmetrical rear impact loading and the attributes that a test device should have to detect injury risk, including responses to asymmetrical loading, which will be needed in a regulatory test device. A series of low speed, oblique rear tests have been conducted with volunteers and the RID3D dummy. Pure rear impact tests were also conducted with the RID3D to replicate previous tests using volunteers as well as the BioRIDIIb and THOR dummies. The paper also reviews further issues that must be addressed for regulatory application.

This research evaluated:

· Volunteer responses with respect to impact orientation and muscle activity

· The RID3D's response against volunteer response corridors for oblique rear impact.

· The RID3D for repeatability and reproducibility.

· The RID3D, BioRIDIIb and THOR dummy responses against human response corridors for pure rear impact.

· The interaction of the dummy with the test seat compared to human subjects.

The main findings were: · Muscle activity should be considered in rear impact events.

· Both RID3D and BioRIDIIb had aspects of their responses which fitted the human response corridors generated.

· The THOR 's response was less human-like than the other two dummies.

· Both RID3D and BioRIDIIb had aspects of their motion which could be improved.

· There were issues of concern with the RID3D in terms of reproducibility.

· The BioRIDIIb was the only dummy that interacted with the test seat in a human like way

· The BioRIDIIb appeared to be the more biofidelic dummy based on the testing conducted but further study of the reproducibility of its response is required.

Links

URL: http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/pdf/esv/esv19/05-0061-O.pdf

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Cited By (8)

Year	Entry
2007	Eriksson L, Zellmer H. Assessing the BioRID II repeatability and reproducibility by applying the objective rating method (ORM) on rear-end sled tests. In: Proceedings of the 20th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 18-21, 2007; Lyon, France.
2007	Kang Y, Moorhouse K, Stammen J, Bolte J IV. An experimental seat for measuring external biofidelity in rear impacts. In: Proceedings of the 35th International Workshop on Human Subjects for Biomechanical Research. 2007.29-46.
2008	Yamazaki K, Ono K, Ishii M. Biofidelity of rear impact dummies in low speed rear-end impact: comparison of rigid seat and mass production car seat in human volunteers. In: Proceedings of the 2008 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 17-19, 2008; Bern, Switzerland.323-337.
2011	Kang Y, Moorhouse K, Herriott R, Bolte JH IV. Biofidelity evaluation of anthropomorphic test devices (BioRIDII, RID3D, HybridIII) in low and moderate speed rear impacts. In: Proceedings of the 7th Ohio State University Injury Biomechanics Symposium. May 22-24, 2011; Columbus, OH.
2012	Kang Y-S, Bolte JH IV, Moorhouse K, Donnelly B, Herriott R, Mallory A. Biomechanical responses of PMHS in moderate-speed rear impacts and development of response targets for evaluating the internal and external biofidelity of ATDs. Stapp Car Crash J. October 2012;56:105-170.
2012	Moorhouse K, Donnelly B, Kang Y-S, Bolte JH IV, Herriott R. Evaluation of the internal and external biofidelity of current rear impact ATDs to response targets developed from moderate-speed rear impacts of PMHS. Stapp Car Crash J. October 2012;56:171-229.
2008	Himmetoglu S. Car Seat Design and Human-Body Modelling for Rear Impact Whiplash Mitigation [PhD thesis]. Loughborough, UK: Loughborough University; 2008.
2011	Kang YS. Evaluation of Biofidelity of Anthropomorphic Test Devices and Investigation of Cervical Spine Injury in Rear Impacts: Head-Neck Kinematics and Kinetics of Post Mortem Human Subjects [PhD thesis]. The Ohio State University; 2011.