Tibiocalcaneal motion during running, measured with external and bone markers

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Reinschmidt, C.¹; van den Bogert, A. J.¹; Murphy, N.²; Lundberg, A.²; Nigg, B. M.¹

Tibiocalcaneal motion during running, measured with external and bone markers

Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). January 1997;12(1):8-16

©1997 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Affiliations

¹Human Performance Laboratory, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada

²Karolinska Institute, Department of Orthopaedics, University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
Abstract and keywords

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare tibiocalcaneal motion during running based on skeletal markers with tibiocalcaneal motion based on external markers.

Design: In vivo measurements of external and skeletal tibiocalcaneal kinematics.

Background: External (shoe, skin) markers are typically used to determine rearfoot kinematics. However, it is not known if such markers are able to provide a good representation of the skeletal (tibiocalcaneal) kinematics.

Methods: Bone pins were inserted into the tibia and calcaneus of five subjects. The 3-D motion of markers attached to bone pins as well as of external markers attached to the shank and shoe were determined during the stance phase of five running trials. Intersegmental motion was expressed in terms of Cardan angles (plantarflexion/dorsiflexion, abduction/adduction, inversion/eversion).

Results: It was found that the skeletal inversion/eversion, abduction/adduction, and plantarflexion/dorsiflexion motions were similar across the subjects. The shape of the tibiocalcaneal rotation curves based on external markers were similar to those based on bone markers. However, the rotations were generally overestimated when using external markers, e.g. the average maximal eversion motion calculated from external markers was 16.0° whereas the skeletal maximal eversion motion was only 8.6°. These discrepancies were mainly due to the relative movement between shoe markers and underlying calcaneus.

Conclusions: External markers are only gross indicators of the skeletal tibiocalcaneal motion. The rotations derived from external shoe and shank markers typically overestimate the skeletal tibiocalcaneal kinematics.

Keywords: Eversion; ankle joint; tibia; calcaneus; bone pin; running; skin movement artefact; rearfoot motion
Links

DOI: 10.1016/S0268-0033(96)00046-0

PubMed: 11415666

WoS: A1997WF92100002

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2000	Stacoff A, Reinschmidt C, Nigg BM, van den Bogert AJ, Lundberg A, Denoth J, Stüssi E. Effects of foot orthoses on skeletal motion during running. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). January 2000;15(1):54-64.
2000	Stacoff A, Nigg BM, Reinschmidt C, van den Bogert AJ, Lundberg A, Stüssi E, Denoth J. Movement coupling at the ankle during the stance phase of running. Foot Ankle Int. 2000;21(3):232-239.
2008	Lundgren P, Nester C, Liu A, Arndt A, Jones R, Stacoff A, Wolf P, Lundberg A. Invasive in vivo measurement of rear-, mid- and forefoot motion during walking. Gait Post. July 2008;28(1):93-100.
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1997	Reinschmidt C, van den Bogert A, Nigg B, Lundberg A, Murphy N. Effect of skin movement on the analysis of skeletal knee joint motion during running. J Biomech. July 1997;30(7):729-732.
2007	Arndt A, Wolf P, Liu A, Nester C, Stacoff A, Jones R, Lundgren P, Lundberg A. Intrinsic foot kinematics measured in vivo during the stance phase of slow running. J Biomech. 2007;40(12):2672-2678.
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2017	Hoerzer S. Selected Methodological Approaches to Identify Functional Groups in Running [PhD thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; December 2017.
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