Tibiocalcaneal motion during running, measured with external and bone markers

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Reinschmidt, C.¹; van den Bogert, A. J.¹; Murphy, N.²; Lundberg, A.²; Nigg, B. M.¹

Tibiocalcaneal motion during running, measured with external and bone markers

Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). January 1997;12(1):8-16

©1997 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Affiliations

¹Human Performance Laboratory, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada

²Karolinska Institute, Department of Orthopaedics, University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
Abstract and keywords

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare tibiocalcaneal motion during running based on skeletal markers with tibiocalcaneal motion based on external markers.

Design: In vivo measurements of external and skeletal tibiocalcaneal kinematics.

Background: External (shoe, skin) markers are typically used to determine rearfoot kinematics. However, it is not known if such markers are able to provide a good representation of the skeletal (tibiocalcaneal) kinematics.

Methods: Bone pins were inserted into the tibia and calcaneus of five subjects. The 3-D motion of markers attached to bone pins as well as of external markers attached to the shank and shoe were determined during the stance phase of five running trials. Intersegmental motion was expressed in terms of Cardan angles (plantarflexion/dorsiflexion, abduction/adduction, inversion/eversion).

Results: It was found that the skeletal inversion/eversion, abduction/adduction, and plantarflexion/dorsiflexion motions were similar across the subjects. The shape of the tibiocalcaneal rotation curves based on external markers were similar to those based on bone markers. However, the rotations were generally overestimated when using external markers, e.g. the average maximal eversion motion calculated from external markers was 16.0° whereas the skeletal maximal eversion motion was only 8.6°. These discrepancies were mainly due to the relative movement between shoe markers and underlying calcaneus.

Conclusions: External markers are only gross indicators of the skeletal tibiocalcaneal motion. The rotations derived from external shoe and shank markers typically overestimate the skeletal tibiocalcaneal kinematics.

Keywords: Eversion; ankle joint; tibia; calcaneus; bone pin; running; skin movement artefact; rearfoot motion
Links

DOI: 10.1016/S0268-0033(96)00046-0

PubMed: 11415666

WoS: A1997WF92100002

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Year	Entry
2000	Stacoff A, Reinschmidt C, Nigg BM, van den Bogert AJ, Lundberg A, Denoth J, Stüssi E. Effects of foot orthoses on skeletal motion during running. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). January 2000;15(1):54-64.
2000	Stacoff A, Nigg BM, Reinschmidt C, van den Bogert AJ, Lundberg A, Stüssi E, Denoth J. Movement coupling at the ankle during the stance phase of running. Foot Ankle Int. 2000;21(3):232-239.
2008	Lundgren P, Nester C, Liu A, Arndt A, Jones R, Stacoff A, Wolf P, Lundberg A. Invasive in vivo measurement of rear-, mid- and forefoot motion during walking. Gait Post. July 2008;28(1):93-100.
2013	Riley PO, Kent RW, Dierks TA, Lievers WB, Frimenko RE, Crandall JR. Foot kinematics and loading of professional athletes in American football-specific tasks. Gait Post. September 2013;38(4):563-569.
2007	Arndt A, Wolf P, Liu A, Nester C, Stacoff A, Jones R, Lundgren P, Lundberg A. Intrinsic foot kinematics measured in vivo during the stance phase of slow running. J Biomech. 2007;40(12):2672-2678.
2010	Andersen MS, Benoit DL, Damsgaard M, Ramsey DK, Rasmussen J. Do kinematic models reduce the effects of soft tissue artefacts in skin marker-based motion analysis? an in vivo study of knee kinematics. J Biomech. 2010;43(2):268-273.
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2012	Wei F. Biomechanical Investigations and Computational Modeling of the Human Ankle [PhD thesis]. East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University; 2012.
1998	Stacoff AP. Skeletal Lower Extremity Motions During Running [PhD thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; August 1998.
2002	Mündermann A. Posting Versus Custom-Molding of Foot Orthotics: Effects on Biomechanical Variables and Comfort [PhD thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; December 2002.
2005	Toyoda Y. Biomechanical Effects of Custom-Made Foot Orthoses for the Treatment of Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome [Master's thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; January 2005.
2010	Tapper JE. Dynamic in Vivo Kinematics in an Ovine Stifle Joint Model of Osteoarthritis [PhD thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; March 2010.
2017	Hoerzer S. Selected Methodological Approaches to Identify Functional Groups in Running [PhD thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; December 2017.
2022	Fabian Christoph Hoitz. Layer-Wise Relevance Propagation and Its Applications in Running Biomechanics [PhD thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; July 2022.
2016	Nichols JK. The Development of a Low-Cost Motion Capture System for Quantitative Clinical Assessments [PhD thesis]. Los Angeles (UCLA), University of California; 2016.