A new crash simulator and biomechanics research program

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Kroell, Charles K.¹; Patrick, Lawrence M.²

A new crash simulator and biomechanics research program

Proceedings of the 8th Stapp Car Crash and Field Demonstration Conference

Affiliations

¹Research Laboratories, General Motors Corporation

²Biomechanics Research Center, Wayne State University
Abstract

A new full-scale crash simulator is being employed in a biomechanics research program for establishing quantitative specifications for human tolerance to impact forces. Intact, fully articulated human cadavers are used as test subjects. Design capacity of the facility is a 40 mph barrier-type collision. A test sled equipped with load cell supported impact targets and carrying a seated cadaver subject is accelerated pneumatically, released, and arrested at collision-level decelerations. Impact forces at the knee and chest are recorded, and X-ray surveillance for skeletal damage is conducted. In a current study of instrument-panel type knee-impact situations, normal femurs in embalmed male cadavers 50–75 years of age fractured at loads of 1500 pounds and greater.
Links

SAE: 640851

Cited Works (2)

Year	Entry
1965	Patrick LM, Lissner HR, Gurdjian ES. Survival by design: head protection. In: Severy DM, ed. Proceedings of the 7th Stapp Car Crash and Field Demonstration Conference. 1963; University of California at Los Angeles. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas; 1965:483-499.
1965	Patrick LM, Lange WA, Hodgson VR. Facial injuries: causes and prevention. In: Severy DM, ed. Proceedings of the 7th Stapp Car Crash and Field Demonstration Conference. 1963; University of California at Los Angeles. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas; 1965:541-568.

Cited By (16)

Year	Entry
1968	Gadd CW, Patrick LM. System versus laboratory impact tests for estimating injury hazard. In: Proceedings of the SAE Automotive Engineering Congress and Exposition. January 8-12, 1968; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers. SAE 680053.
1970	Patrick LM, Sato TB. Methods of establishing human tolerance levels: cadaver and animal research and clinical observations. In: Gurdjian ES, Lange WA, Patrick LM, Thomas LM, eds. Impact Injury and Crash Protection. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas; 1970:259-273.
1971	Patrick LM, Trosien KR. Volunteer, anthropometric dummy, and cadaver responses with three and four point restraints. In: Proceedings of the SAE Automotive Engineering Congress and Exposition. January 11-15, 1971; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:256-280. SAE 710079.
1970	States JD. Traumatic arthritis: a medical and legal dilemma. In: 14th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). November 19-20, 1970; Ann Arbor, MI.21-28.
1971	Burow KH. Injuries of the thorax and of the lower extremities to forces applied by blunt object. In: 15th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 20-23, 1971; Colorado Springs, CO.122-146.
1977	Nagel DA, States JD. Dashboard and bumper knee: will arthritis develop? In: 21st Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). September 15-17, 1977; Vancouver, BC.272-279.
1980	Backaitis SH, Badovich VG, Bayer A, Naab KA. Part 572 crash test dummy response and the effects of shoulder belt location and impact vector direction. In: Proceedings of the 8th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). October 21-24, 1980; Wolfsburg, Germany.417-431.
1964	Huelke DF, Grabb WC, Gikas PW. Injuries and deaths from windshield and instrument panel impacts. In: Patrick LM, ed. Proceedings of the 8th Stapp Car Crash and Field Demonstration Conference. October 21-23, 1964; Wayne State University. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University Press:167-184. SAE 640850.
1965	Patrick LM, Kroell CK, Mertz HJ. Forces on the human body in simulated crashes. In: Cragun MK, ed. Proceedings of the 9th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 20-21, 1965; Minneapolis, MN. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:237-259. SAE 650961.
1966	McHenry RR, Naab KN. Computer simulation of the crash victim: a validation study. In: Proceedings of the 10th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 8-9, 1966; Hollomon Air Force Base, NM. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers. SAE 660792.
1966	Patrick LM, Mertz HJ, Kroell CK. Impact dynamics of unrestrained, lap belted, and lap and diagonal chest belted vehicle occupants. In: Proceedings of the 10th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 8-9, 1966; Hollomon Air Force Base, NM. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:46-93. SAE 660788.
1967	Patrick LM, Mertz HJ Jr, Kroell CK. Cadaver knee, chest and head impact loads. In: Proceedings of the 11th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 10-11, 1967; Anaheim, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:168-182. SAE 670913.
1968	Patrick LM, Van Kirk DJ, Nyquist GW. Vehicle accelerator crash simulator. In: Proceedings of the 12th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 22-23, 1968; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:402-423. SAE 680791.
1969	Beckman DL, Palmer MF. Response of the primate thorax to experimental impact. In: Proceedings of the 13th Stapp Car Crash Conference. December 2-4, 1969; Boston, MA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:270-281. SAE 690809.
1971	Kroell CK, Schneider DC, Nahum AM. Impact tolerance and response of the human thorax. In: Proceedings of the 15th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 17-19, 1971; Coronado, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:84-134. SAE 710851.
1974	Schmidt G, Kallieris D, Barz J, Mattern R. Results of 49 cadaver tests simulating frontal collision of front seat passengers. In: Proceedings of the 18th Stapp Car Crash Conference. December 4-5, 1974; Ann Arbor, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:283-291. SAE 741182.