Evaluation of the validity of the tibia fracture assessment using the upper tibia acceleration employed in the TRL legform impactor

wbldb

Konosu, A.¹; Issiki, T.¹; Takahashi, Y.²

Evaluation of the validity of the tibia fracture assessment using the upper tibia acceleration employed in the TRL legform impactor

Proceedings of the 2009 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact

Affiliations

¹Japan Automobile Research Institute

²Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, Inc.
Abstract and keywords

The upper tibia acceleration of the TRL legform impactor has been used as an injury criterion of the tibia fracture to a pedestrian due to direct loading. In this research, its validity was evaluated by using two different analysis approaches. The results showed that the tibia acceleration of the TRL legform impactor has significantly low correlation with the bending moment exerted on a middle third of the human tibia. It was also found that the tibia acceleration poorly correlates with middle third tibia fractures observed in car-pedestrian accidents as a result of reanalysis of a past accident reconstruction study using the impactor.

Keywords: injury criteria, injury probability, impactors, pedestrians, legs

Cited Works (10)

Year	Entry
2007	Otte D, Haasper C. Characteristics on fractures of tibia and fibula in car impacts to pedestrians: influences of car bumper height and shape. In: Proceedings of the 2007 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 19-21, 2007; Maastricht, The Netherlands.71-81.
1998	EEVC Working Group 17 Report: Improved Test Methods to Evaluate Pedestrian Protection Afforded by Passenger Cars. European Enhanced Vehicle-Safety Committee (EEVC); 1998.
1999	Eppinger R, Sun E, Bandak F, Haffner M, Khaewpong N, Maltese M, Kuppa S, Nguyen T, Takhounts E, Tannous R, Zhang A, Saul R. Development of Improved Injury Criteria for the Assessment of Advanced Automotive Restraint Systems - II. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA); November 1999.
1994	EEVC Working Group 10 Report: Proposals for Methods to Evaluate Pedestrian Protection for Passenger Cars. European Enhanced Vehicle-Safety Committee (EEVC); November 1994.
2007	Konosu A, Issiki T, Tanahashi M, Suzuki H. Development of a biofidelic flexible pedestrian legform impactor type GT (Flex-GT). In: Proceedings of the 20th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 18-21, 2007; Lyon, France.
2003	Takahashi Y, Kikuchi Y, Mori F, Konosu A. Advanced FE lower limb model for pedestrians. In: Proceedings of the 18th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 19-22, 2003; Nagoya, Japan.
2009	Konosu A, Issiki T, Takahashi Y, Suzuki H, Been B, Burleigh M, Hirasawa T, Kanoshima H. Development of a biofidelic flexible pedestrian legform impactor type GTR prototype, I: development and technical evaluations. In: Proceedings of the 21st International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 15-18, 2009; Stuttgart, Germany.
2006	Kikuchi Y, Takahashi Y, Mori F. Development of a finite element model for a pedestrian pelvis and lower limb. In: Proceedings of the SAE World Congress & Exhibition. April 3-6, 2006; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers. SAE 2006-01-0683.
1981	Bunketorp O, Aldman B, Jonson R, Romanus B, Roos B, Thorngren L. Experimental studies on leg injuries in car-pedestrian accidents. In: Proceedings of the 1981 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 8-10, 1981; Salon de Provence, France.243-255.
1988	Kallieris D, Schmidt G. New aspects of pedestrian protection loading and injury pattern in simulated pedestrian accidents. In: Proceedings of the 32nd Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 17-19, 1988; Atlanta, GA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:185-196. SAE 881725.

Cited By (4)

Year	Entry
2012	Takahashi Y, Ikeda M, Imaizumi I, Kikuchi Y, Takeishi S. Validation of pedestrian lower limb injury assessment using subsystem impactors. In: Proceedings of the 2012 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 12-14, 2012; Dublin, Ireland.304-315.
2013	Takahashi Y, Imaizumi I, Asanuma H, Ikeda M. Responses of the flexible legform impactor in car impacts. In: Proceedings of the 2013 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 11-13, 2013; Gothenburg, Sweden.777-788.
2015	Isshiki T, Konosu A, Takahashi Y. Analysis of the causes of differences in impact responses between a human lower limb and the flexible pedestrian legform impactor under low and high bumper vehicle impact situations. In: Proceedings of the 2015 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 9-11, 2015; Lyon, France.401-413.
2016	Takahashi Y, Asanuma H, Imaizumi I. Effectiveness of a test procedure for pedestrian lower limb protection in pedestrians of various sizes. In: Proceedings of the 2016 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 14-16, 2016; Malaga, Spain.800-812.