Observations on the mechanism of brain concussion, contusion, and laceration

Gurdjian, E. S.; Webster, J. E.; Lissner, H. R.

Year	Entry
1999	Eppinger R, Sun E, Bandak F, Haffner M, Khaewpong N, Maltese M, Kuppa S, Nguyen T, Takhounts E, Tannous R, Zhang A, Saul R. Development of Improved Injury Criteria for the Assessment of Advanced Automotive Restraint Systems - II. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA); November 1999.
2004	Haug E, Choi H-Y, Robin S, Beaugonin M. Human models for crash and impact simulation. In: Ayache N, ed. Computational Models for the Human Body. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier B.V; 2004:231-452. Ciarlet PG, ed. Handbook of Numerical Analysis; vol 12.
2001	Zhang L, Yang KH, King AI. Biomechanics of neurotrauma. Neurol Res. March–April 2001;23(2-3):144-156.
1970	Unterharnscheidt FJ. Discussion. In: Gurdjian ES, Lange WA, Patrick LM, Thomas LM, eds. Impact Injury and Crash Protection. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas; 1970:43-62.
1970	White RJ, Albin MS. Spine and spinal cord injury. In: Gurdjian ES, Lange WA, Patrick LM, Thomas LM, eds. Impact Injury and Crash Protection. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas; 1970:63-83.
1970	Pudenz RH. Telemetry in biological sciences. In: Gurdjian ES, Lange WA, Patrick LM, Thomas LM, eds. Impact Injury and Crash Protection. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas; 1970:145-156.
1970	Patrick LM, Sato TB. Methods of establishing human tolerance levels: cadaver and animal research and clinical observations. In: Gurdjian ES, Lange WA, Patrick LM, Thomas LM, eds. Impact Injury and Crash Protection. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas; 1970:259-273.
1972	Goldsmith W. Biomechanics of head injury. In: Fung YC, Perrone N, Anliker M, eds. Biomechanics: Its Foundations and Objectives. Symposium on Biomechanics, its Foundations and Objectives; July 29-31, 1970. Englewood Cliff, NJ: Inc., Prentice-Hall International; 1972:585-634.
2005	Yoganandan N, Pintar FA, Zhang J, Gennarelli TA, Beuse N. Biomechanical aspects of blunt and penentrating head injuries. In: Gilchrist MD, ed. IUTAM Symposium on Impact Biomechanics: From Fundamental Insights to Applications. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer; 2005:173-184. Solid Mechanics and Its Applications; vol 124.
2015	King AI. Introduction to and applications of injury biomechanics. In: Yoganandan N, Nahum AM, Melvin JW, eds. Accidental Injury: Biomechanics and Prevention. 3rd ed. New York: Springer; 2015:1-31.
2015	Melvin JW, Yoganandan N. Biomechanics of brain injury: a historical perspective. In: Yoganandan N, Nahum AM, Melvin JW, eds. Accidental Injury: Biomechanics and Prevention. 3rd ed. New York: Springer; 2015:221-245.
1975	Stålhammar D, Olsson Y. Experimental brain damage from fluid pressure due to impact acceleration: study of effects of "contre-coup type" pressure changes intracranially in rabbits. In: Proceedings of the 1975 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 9-11, 1975; Birmingham, UK.164-176.
2003	King AI, Yang KH, Zhang L, Hardy W, Viano DC. Is head injury caused by linear or angular acceleration? In: Proceedings of the 2003 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 25, 2003; Lisbon, Portugal.1-12.
2007	Deck C, Baumgartner D, Willinger R. Influence of rotational acceleration on intracranial mechanical parameters under accidental circumstances. In: Proceedings of the 2007 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 19-21, 2007; Maastricht, The Netherlands.185-197.
2017	Koncan DA, Zemek R, Gilchrist MD, Hoshizaki TB. Helmet construction influences brain strain patterns for events causing concussion in youth ice hockey. In: Proceedings of the 2017 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 13-15, 2017; Antwerp, Belgium.201-210.
1969	Hodgson VR, Thomas LM, Gurdjian ES, Fernando OU, Greenberg SW, Chason JL. Advances in understanding of experimental concussion mechanisms. In: Proceedings of the 13th Stapp Car Crash Conference. December 2-4, 1969; Boston, MA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:18-37. SAE 690796.
2000	Newman JA, Shewchenko N, Welbourne E. A proposed new biomechanical head injury assessment function: the maximum power index. Stapp Car Crash J. 2000;44:215-247. SAE 2000-01-SC16.
2001	Zhang L, Yang KH, Dwarampudi R, Omori K, Li T, Chang K, Hardy WN, Khalil TB, King AI. Recent advances in brain injury research: a new human head model development and validation. Stapp Car Crash J. 2001;45:369-394. SAE 2001-22-0017.
2006	Kimpara H, Nakahira Y, Iwamoto M, Miki K, Ichihara K, Kawano S-i, Taguchi T. Investigation of anteroposterior head-neck responses during severe frontal impacts using a brain-spinal cord complex FE model. Stapp Car Crash J. 2006;50:509-544. SAE 2006-22-0019.
2010	Rousseau P, Hoshizaki TB, Gilchrist MD, Post A. Estimating the influence of neckform compliance on brain tissue strain during a helmeted impact. Stapp Car Crash J. 2010;54:37-48. SAE 2010-22-0003.
2010	Zhu F, Mao H, Leonardi ADC, Wagner C, Chou C, Jin X, Bir C, VandeVord P, Yang KH, King AI. Development of an FE model of the rat head subjected to air shock loading. Stapp Car Crash J. 2010;54:211-225. SAE 2010-22-0011.
1987	Thompson N, Halpern B, Curl WW, Andrews JR, Hunter SC, Boring JR III, McLeod WD. High school football injuries: evaluation [published correction appears in Am J Sports Med. 1987;15(3):257]. Am J Sports Med. March 1987;15(2):117-124.
2012	Chu JJ, Beckwith JG, Leonard DS, Paye CM, Greenwald RM. Development of a multimodal blast sensor for measurement of head impact and over-pressurization exposure. Ann Biomed Eng. January 2012;40(1):203-212.
1971	Robey JM, Blyth CS, Mueller FO. Athletic injuries: application of epidemiologic methods. JAMA. 1971;217(2):184-189.
2004	Crisco JJ, Chu JJ, Greenwald RM. An algorithm for estimating acceleration magnitude and impact location using multiple nonorthogonal single-axis accelerometers. J Biomech Eng. December 2004;126(6):849-854.
2010	Gwin JT, Chu JJ, Diamond SG, Halstead PD, Crisco JJ, Greenwald RM. An investigation of the NOCSAE linear impactor test method based on in vivo measures of head impact acceleration in American football. J Biomech Eng. January 2010;132(1):011006.
2020	King AI, Grimm MJ. Herbert R. Lissner: the father of impact biomechanics. J Biomech Eng. March 2020;142(3):030801.
1961	Gurdjian ES, Lissner HR. Photoelastic confirmation of the presence of shear strains at the craniospinal junction in closed head injury. J Neurosurg. January 1961;18(1):58-60.
1974	Mueller FO, Blyth CS. North Carolina high school football injury study: equipment and prevention. J Sports Med Phys. January–February 1974;2(1):1-10.
1966	Gurdjian ES, Roberts VL, Thomas LM. Tolerance curves of acceleration and intracrantal pressure and protective index in experimental head injury. J Trauma. September 1966;6(5):600-604.
1971	Moon DW, Beedle CW, Kovacic CR. Peak head acceleration of athletes during competition: football. Med Sci Sports. Spring 1971;3(1):44-50.
2003	Pellman EJ, Viano DC, Tucker A, Casson IR, Waeckerle JF. Concussion in professional football: reconstruction of game impacts and injuries. Neurosurgery. October 2003;53(4):799-814.
2004	Hoshizaki TB, Brien SE. The science and design of head protection in sport. Neurosurgery. October 2004;55(4):956-967.
2005	Viano DC, Casson IR, Pellman EJ, Zhang L, King AI, Yang KH. Concussion in professional football: brain responses by finite element analysis: part 9. Neurosurgery. November 2005;57(5):891-916.
2008	Greenwald RM, Gwin JT, Chu JJ, Crisco JJ. Head impact severity measures for evaluating mild traumatic brain injury risk exposure. Neurosurgery. April 2008;62(4):789-798.
2009	Rousseau P, Hoshizaki TB. The influence of deflection and neck compliance on the impact dynamics of a Hybrid III headform. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part P-J Sports Eng Tech. 2009;223(1):89-97.
2002	Shaw NA. The neurophysiology of concussion. Prog Neurobiol. July 2002;67(4):281-344.
2011	Walsh ES, Rousseau P, Hoshizaki TB. The influence of impact location and angle on the dynamic impact response of a Hybrid III headform. Sports Eng. March 2011;13(3):135-143.
1960	Lissner HR, Lebow M, Evans FG. Experimental studies on the relation between acceleration and intracranial pressure changes in man. Surg Gynecol Obstet. September 1960;111(3):329-338.
2001	Ivarsson J, Viano DC, Lövsund P. Influence of the anterior and middle cranial fossae on brain kinematics during sagittal plane head rotation. J Crash Prev Injury Control. 2001;2(4):271-287.
2019	Yu AW. Blast-Induced Neurotrauma and the Cavitation Mechanism of Injury [PhD thesis]. Duke University; 2019.
2020	McGillivray K. Comparison of Innovated Thermoplastic Polyurethane and Commercial Helmet Lining Technology in Mitigating Concussions as Measured by Linear Accelerations and Risk of Head Injury During Simulated Horizontal Impacts to the Head [Master's thesis]. Thunder Bay, ON: Lakehead University; 2020.
2008	Fijalkowski RJ. Rotational Acceleration Pulse Characteristics Affect Mild Diffuse Brain Injury Severity [PhD thesis]. Marquette University; May 2008.
2020	Elabd K. Biomechanical Analysis and Simulation of Backward Falls With Head Impact in Older Adults [Master's thesis]. Simon Fraser University; 2020.
2002	Brands DWA. Predicting Brain Mechanics During Closed Head Impact: Numerical and Constitutive Aspects [PhD thesis]. Eindhoven, The Netherlands: Technische Universiteit Eindhoven; March 14, 2002.
2014	Patton DA. The Biomechanical Determinants of Sports-Related Concussion: Finite Element Simulations of Unhelmeted Head Impacts to Evaluate Kinematic and Tissue-Level Predictors of Injury and Investigate the Design Implications for Soft-Shell Headgear [PhD thesis]. University of New South Wales; March 2014.
2011	Coulson NR. The Influence of Impact Mass, Inbound Velocity and System Compliance on the Dynamic Response of a Hybrid III Head Form [Master's thesis]. Ottawa, ON: University of Ottawa; 2011.
2012	Oeur A. An Analysis of Head Impact Angle on the Dynamic Response of a Hybrid III Headform and Brain Tissue Deformation [Master's thesis]. Ottawa, ON: University of Ottawa; December 2012.
2014	Rousseau P. Analysis of Concussion Metrics of Real-World Concussive and Non-Injurious Elbow and Shoulder to Head Collisions in Ice Hockey [PhD thesis]. Ottawa, ON: University of Ottawa; 2014.
2016	Kendall M. Comparison and Characterization of Different Concussive Brain Injury Events [PhD thesis]. University of Ottawa; 2016.
2018	Oeur RA. The Effects of Reconstructed Head Impact Event Parameters on Risk of Sport Related Concussions [PhD thesis]. Ottawa, ON: University of Ottawa; 2018.
2019	Cournoyer J. Head Impact Severity Associated With Loss of Consciousness and Impact Seizures in Sport-Related Concussions [PhD thesis]. Ottawa, ON: University of Ottawa; 2019.
1968	Hodgson VR. Head Impact Response of Several Mammals Including the Human Cadaver [PhD thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; 1968.
2001	Zhang L. Computational Biomechanics of Traumatic Brain Injury: An Investigation of Head Impact Response and American Football Head Injury [PhD thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; May 2001.
2004	Walilko TJ. Biomechanical Response of the Temporomandibular Joint from Impacts in Boxing [PhD thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; December 2004.
2010	Stojsih S. The Biomechanics of Amateur Boxers [Master's thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; August 2010.
2020	Zhou R. Development of Rat Head Finite Element Model and Tissue Level Biomechanical Threshold for Traumatic Axonal Injury [PhD thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; May 2020.
2000	Aida T. Study of Human Head Impact: Brain Tissue Constitutive Models [PhD thesis]. Morgantown, WV: West Virginia University; May 2000.

Year	Entry
1953	Gurdjian ES, Lissner HR, Latimer FR, Haddad BF, Webster JE. Quantitative determination of acceleration and intracranial pressure in experimental head injury: preliminary report. Neurology. 1953;3(6):417-423.
1941	Denny-Brown D, Russell WR. Experimental cerebral concussion. Brain. September 1941;64(2-3):93-164.
1944	Walker AE, Kollros JJ, Case TJ. The physiological basis of concussion. J Neurosurg. March 1944;1(2):103-116.