Biomechanics of brain injury: a historical perspective

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Melvin, John W.¹; Yoganandan, Narayan¹

Biomechanics of brain injury: a historical perspective

Accidental Injury: Biomechanics and Prevention

Affiliations

¹Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
Abstract

The brain may be the organ most critical to protect from trauma, because anatomic injuries to its structures are currently nonreversible, and consequences of injury can be devastating. The experimental study of brain-injury mechanisms is unparalleled, because effects of trauma to the organs responsible for control and function of the body are the objects of the study. Injury of the central nervous system results not only from local primary effects, but from effects on physiologic homeostasis that may lead to secondary injury. The brain controls the flow of information, including autonomic control as well as sensory perception and motor function. The brain is the source of intentional actions, and it functions in time to store, retrieve, and process information. The state of self-awareness or consciousness is the highest level of brain function in man.

This chapter addresses the historical state of knowledge in the biomechanics of brain injury. It is organized to provide a summary of head and brain anatomy and of clinical head-injury issues, followed by sections on experimental brain-injury models and bio-mechanical mechanisms of brain-injury and head-injury criteria. It serves as a preface to the following chapter on the future of brain injury biomechanics.
Links

DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1732-7_9

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Cited By (4)

Year	Entry
2016	Antona-Makoshi J. Traumatic Brain Injuries: Animal Experiments and Numerical Simulations to Support the Development of a Brain Injury Criterion [PhD thesis]. Götenburg, Sweden: Chalmers University of Technology; 2016.
2022	Rycman AL. Computational Modeling of the Cervical Spinal Cord: Integration Into a Human Body Model to Investigate Response to Impact [PhD thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2022.
2018	Arora T. Development of a Subhuman Primate Brain Finite Element Model to Investigate Brain Injury Thresholds Induced by Head Rotation [Master's thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; August 2018.
2020	Zhou R. Development of Rat Head Finite Element Model and Tissue Level Biomechanical Threshold for Traumatic Axonal Injury [PhD thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; May 2020.