Injuries to restrained occupants in far-side crashes

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Digges, Kennerly¹; Dalmotas, Dainius²

Injuries to restrained occupants in far-side crashes

Proceedings of the 17th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV)

Affiliations

²Transport Canada, Ottawa, Canada
Abstract

Occupants exposed to far-side crashes are those seated on the side of the vehicle opposite the struck side. This study uses the NASS/CDS 1988-98 to determine distributions of serious injuries among restrained occupants exposed to far-side crashes and the sources of the injuries. Vehicle-to-vehicle crash tests were conducted to study dummy kinematics.

The NASS/CDS indicated that the head accounted for 45% of the MAIS 4+ injuries in far-side collisions and the chest/abdomen accounted for 39%. The opposite-side interior was the most frequent contact associated with driver AIS 3+ injuries (26.9%). The safety belt was second, accounting for 20.8%.

Vehicle-to-vehicle side impact tests with a 60 degree crash vector indicated that different safety belt designs resulted in different amounts of head excursion for the far side Hybrid III dummy. For all three point belt systems tested, the shoulder belt was ineffective in preventing large amounts of head excursion. Restraint was achieved by the lap belt loading the abdomen. A single retractor design with low friction sliding latch plate permitted the greatest head excursion in the far side crash tests. A dual retractor system with a fixed latch plate permitted the least.
Links

URL: http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/pdf/nrd-01/Esv/esv17/Proceed/00149.pdf

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Cited By (26)

Year	Entry
2005	Digges K, Gabler H, Mohan P, Alonso B. Characteristics of the injury environment in far-side crashes. In: 49th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). September 12-14, 2005; Boston, MA.185-197.
2008	Bostrom O, Gabler HC, Digges K, Fildes B, Sunnevang C. Injury reduction opportunities of far side impact countermeasures. In: 52nd Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 6-8, 2008; San Diego, CA.289-299.
2003	Fildes B, Bostrom O, Haland Y, Sparke L. Countermeasures to address farside crashes: first results. In: Proceedings of the 18th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 19-22, 2003; Nagoya, Japan.
2003	Arndt N, Grzebieta R, Zou R. Validating lower limb injury mechanisms in side impact crashes. In: Proceedings of the 18th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 19-22, 2003; Nagoya, Japan.
2003	Bostrom O, Haland Y. Benefits of a 3+2 point belt system and an inboard torso side support in frontal, far-side and rollover crashes. In: Proceedings of the 18th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 19-22, 2003; Nagoya, Japan.
2005	Fildes B, Linder A, Douglas C, Digges K, Morgan R, Pintar F, Yogandan N, Gabler HC, Duma S, Stitzel J, Bostrom O, Sparke L, Smith S, Newland C. Occupant protection in far side crashes. In: Proceedings of the 19th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 6-9, 2005; Washington, DC.
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2015	Gidlewski M, Prochowski L, Zielonka K. Analysis of the influence of motor cars’ relative positions during a right-angle crash on the dynamic loads acting on car occupants and the resulting injuries. In: Proceedings of the 24th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 8-11, 2015; Gothenburg, Sweden.
2015	Bahouth GT, Murakhovskiy D, Digges KH, Rist H, Wiik R. Opportunities for reducing far-side casualties. In: Proceedings of the 24th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 8-11, 2015; Gothenburg, Sweden.
2017	Youn Y, Park J, Kim D, Kim S, In J. Comparison of injury seversity between near and far side occupants on the side collisions. In: Proceedings of the 25th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 5-8, 2017; Detroit, MI.
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2014	Stein M, Johannsen H, Holtz J, Core E, Zink L. Concept for lateral impact protection of a centred driver in a light electrical vehicle. In: Proceedings of the 2014 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 10-12, 2014; Berlin, Germany.562-577.
2016	Arun MWJ, Umale S, Humm JR, Yoganandan N, Pintar FA. Impact response evaluation of a restrained whole human body finite element model under far‐side 90 and 60 degree impacts. In: Proceedings of the 2016 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 14-16, 2016; Malaga, Spain.694-706.
2016	Bohman K, Shaikh J. Real life situations for rear‐seated occupants in far‐side impacts. In: Proceedings of the 2016 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 14-16, 2016; Malaga, Spain.649-660.
2017	Arun MWJ, Umale S, Halloway D, Pintar FA, Yoganandan N. Can 1–DOF sled tests reproduce real world far‐side crashes? a finite element study. In: Proceedings of the 2017 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 13-15, 2017; Antwerp, Belgium.298-311.
2005	Gabler HC, Digges K, Fildes BN, Sparke L. Side impact injury risk for belted far side passenger vehicle occupants. In: Proceedings of the SAE World Congress & Exhibition. April 11-14, 2005; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers. SAE 2005-01-0287.
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2012	Arbogast KB, Mathews EA, Seacrist T, Maltese MR, Hammond R, Balasubramanian S, Kent RW, Tanji H, St. Lawrence S, Higuchi K. The effect of pretensioning and age on torso rollout in restrained human volunteers in far-side lateral and oblique loading. Stapp Car Crash J. October 2012;56:443-467.
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2015	Mathews EA. Pediatric and Young Adult Biomechanical Response to Far-Side Oblique and Lateral Low-Speed Impacts [PhD thesis]. Philadelphia, PA: Drexel University; April 2015.
2020	Perez Rapela D. Methodology for the Evaluation of Human Response Variability to Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors Including Uncertainties [PhD thesis]. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia; May 2020.