Joint injury causes knee osteoarthritis in young adults

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Roos, Ewa M.^1,2

Joint injury causes knee osteoarthritis in young adults

Curr Opin Rhuematol. March 2005;17(2):195-200

©2005 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Affiliations

¹Department of Orthopedics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden

²Spenshult Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Sweden
Abstract and keywords

Purpose of review: This review presents recent data on joint injury as the cause of osteoarthritis development in young adults and proposes and discusses a model that highlights how joint injury and other risk factors may contribute to osteoarthritis development through two different pathways: joint-related mechanisms and deconditioning of the musculoskeletal system.

Recent findings: Knee osteoarthritis in young adults is common after knee injury. In women who sustained an anterior cruciate ligament injury in soccer, 51% (mean age 31) had radiographic changes after 12 years. Men, 41% (mean age 36) had osteoarthritis after 14 years. An injury to the menisci during middle age resulting in a horizontal tear is more probably the first signal of an already ongoing osteoarthritis process of the knee. Known risk factors seem to contribute to osteoarthritis through pathways related to (1) mechanical aspects of the joint and (2) the musculoskeletal system.

Summary: Osteoarthritis in young adults is most commonly a result of a previous injury to the knee. Deconditioning of the musculoskeletal system is seen with joint injury, obesity, and aging, all known risk factors for osteoarthritis. Muscular deconditioning contributes to increased joint loads and knee osteoarthritis development and progression. So far, it is unclear whether surgery reduces the development or progression of osteoarthritis. The risk for osteoarthritis development seems to increase as the amount of meniscal tissue removed increases. Knee injury prevention, rehabilitation after knee injuries, regular exercise, maintaining body weight, and a changed locomotion pattern may prevent osteoarthritis initiation and progression in young adults.

Keywords: injury; knee; muscle function; osteoarthritis
Links

DOI: 10.1097/01.bor.0000151406.64393.00

PubMed: 15711235

WoS: 000228079200015

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2007	Lohmander LS, Englund PM, Dahl LL, Roos EM. The long-term consequence of anterior cruciate ligament and meniscus injuries: osteoarthritis. Am J Sports Med. October 2007;35(10):1756-1769.
2010	Goldring MB, Goldring SR. Articular cartilage and subchondral bone in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Annals NY Acad Sci. March 2010;1192(1):230-237.
2010	Lotz MK. Posttraumatic osteoarthritis: pathogenesis and pharmacological treatment options. Arthritis Res Ther. 2010;12:211.
2023	Xu L, Hu YJ, Peng Y, Wang Z, Wang J, Lu WW, Tang B, Guo XE. Early zoledronate treatment inhibits subchondral bone microstructural changes in skeletally-mature, ACL-transected canine knees. Bone. February 2023;167:116638.
2006	Andriacchi TP, Mündermann A. The role of ambulatory mechanics in the initiation and progression of knee osteoarthritis. Curr Opin Rhuematol. September 2006;18(5):514-518.
2009	Andriacchi TP, Koo S, Scanlan SF. Gait mechanics influence healthy cartilage morphology and osteoarthritis of the knee. J Bone Joint Surg. February 2009;91A(suppl 1):95-101.
2022	Gui T, Wei Y, Luo L, Li J, Zhong L, Yao L, Beier F, Nelson CL, Tsourkas A, Liu XS, Enomoto-Iwamoto M, Yu F, Cheng Z, Qin L. Activating EGFR signaling attenuates osteoarthritis development following loading injury in mice. J Bone Miner Res. December 2022;37(12):2498-2511.
2022	White MS, Brancati RJ, Lepley LK. Relationship between altered knee kinematics and subchondral bone remodeling in a clinically translational model of ACL injury. J Orthop Res. January 2022;40(1):74-86.
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