Our aim was to evaluate the role of cortical bone in resistance to compression in the human radius. Thirty-three left cadaver forearms were scanned on an XCT 960 Stratec CT scanner. Cortical density and cortical thickness were measured at the junction of the middle and distal third of the radius. Subsequently, 2-cm-high cylindrical specimens, centrated on the level of the CT slice, were cut. After removal of the endosteal trabecular bone, the specimens were submitted to compressive testing, using an Instron machine, and load deformation curves were obtained. Maximal stress (load corrected for cross-sectional area) showed a significant relationship with the density (r = 0.78) as well as with the thickness (r = 0.74) of the cortex. The closest correlation involved the maximal load and the mineral content of the cortex specimens (r = 0.87). We conclude that the mineral content of these radius cortex specimens, measured using peripheral QCT, predicts their compressive strength on biomechanical testing.