The microscopic hardness of bone

Weaver, James K.

Year	Entry
1973	Evans FG. Mechanical Properties of Bone. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas; 1973.
2001	Turner CH, Burr DB. Experimental techniques for bone mechanics. In: Cowin SC, ed. Bone Mechanics Handbook. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 2001:7-1–7-35.
2001	Guo XE. Mechanical properties of cortical and cancellous bone tissue. In: Cowin SC, ed. Bone Mechanics Handbook. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 2001:10-1–10-23.
2001	Martin RB, Sharkey NA. Mechanical effects of postmortem changes, preservation, and allograft bone treatments. In: Cowin SC, ed. Bone Mechanics Handbook. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 2001:20-1–20-24.
2007	Kemper A, McNally C, Kennedy E, Manoogian S, Duma S. The material properties of human tibia cortical bone in tension and compression: implacations for the tibia index. In: Proceedings of the 20th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 18-21, 2007; Lyon, France.
2005	Kemper AR, McNally C, Kennedy EA, Manoogian SJ, Rath AL, Ng TP, Stitzel JD, Smith EP, Duma SM, Matsuoka F. Material properties of human rib cortical bone from dynamic tension coupon testing. Stapp Car Crash J. 2005;49:199-230. SAE 2005-22-0010.
2008	Matsuura M, Eckstein F, Lochmüller E-M, Zysset PK. The role of fabric in the quasi-static compressive mechanical properties of human trabecular bone from various anatomical locations. Biomech Model Mechanobiol. February 2008;7(1):27-42.
2000	Hoffler CE, Moore KE, Kozloff K, Zysset PK, Brown MB, Goldstein SA. Heterogeneity of bone lamellar-level elastic moduli. Bone. June 2000;26(6):603-609.
2002	Hengsberger S, Kulik A, Zysset P. Nanoindentation discriminates the elastic properties of individual human bone lamellae under dry and physiological conditions. Bone. 2002;30(1):178-184.
1970	Currey JD. The mechanical properties of bone. Clin Orthop Relat Res. November–December 1970;73:210-231.
2016	Hunt HB, Donnelly E. Bone quality assessment techniques: geometric, compositional, and mechanical characterization from macroscale to nanoscale. Clin Rev Bone Miner Metab. September 2016;14(3):133-149.
1997	Guo XE, Goldstein SA. Is trabecular bone tissue different from cortical bone tissue? Forma. 1997;12(3-4):185-196.
1971	Katz JL. Hard tissue as a composite material, I: bounds on the elastic behavior. J Biomech. October 1971;4(5):455-473.
1976	Yoon HS, Katz JL. Ultrasonic wave propagation in human cortical bone, II: measurements of elastic properties and microhardness. J Biomech. 1976;9(7):459-464.
1990	Choi K, Kuhn JL, Ciarelli MJ, Goldstein SA. The elastic moduli of human subchondral, trabecular, and cortical bone tissue and the size-dependency of cortical bone modulus. J Biomech. 1990;23(11):1103-1113.
1995	Broz JJ, Simske SJ, Greenberg AR. Material and compositional properties of selectively demineralized cortical bone. J Biomech. November 1995;28(11):1357-1368.
1999	Zysset PK, Guo XE, Hoffler CE, Moore KE, Goldstein SA. Elastic modulus and hardness of cortical and trabecular bone lamellae measured by nanoindentation in the human femur. J Biomech. October 1999;32(10):1005-1012.
2008	Zhang J, Niebur GL, Ovaert TC. Mechanical property determination of bone through nano- and micro-indentation testing and finite element simulation. J Biomech. 2008;41(2):267-275.
2011	Dall'Ara E, Öhman C, Baleani M, Viceconti M. Reduced tissue hardness of trabecular bone is associated with severe osteoarthritis. J Biomech. May 17, 2011;44(8):1593-1598.
2005	Hoffler CE, Guo XE, Zysset PK, Goldstein SA. An application of nanoindentation technique to measure bone tissue lamellae properties. J Biomech Eng. January 2005;127(7):1046-1053.
2000	Nafei A, Danielsen CC, Linde F, Hvid I. Properties of growing trabecular ovine bone, I: mechanical and physical properties. J Bone Joint Surg. August 2000;82B(6):910-920.
2006	Gupta HS, Stachewicz U, Wagermaier W, Roschger P, Wagner HD, Fratzl P. Mechanical modulation at the lamellar level in osteonal bone. J Mater Res. August 2006;21(8):1913-1921.
1990	Evans GP, Behiri JC, Currey JD, Bonfield W. Microhardness and Young's modulus in cortical bone exhibiting a wide range of mineral volume fractions, and in a bone analogue. J Mater Sci Mater Med. June 1990;1(1):38-43.
2020	Jin Y, Zhang T, Lui YF, Sze KY, Lu WW. The measured mechanical properties of osteoporotic trabecular bone decline with the increment of deformation volume during micro-indentation. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. March 2020;103:103546.
1989	Hodgskinson R, Currey JD, Evans GP. Hardness, an indicator of the mechanical competence of cancellous bone. J Orthop Res. September 1989;7(5):754-758.
1989	Kuhn JL, Goldstein SA, Choi K, London M, Feldkamp LA, Matthews LS. Comparison of the trabecular and cortical tissue moduli from human iliac crests. J Orthop Res. November 1989;7(6):876-884.
1992	Blackburn J, Hodgskinson R, Currey JD, Mason JE. Mechanical properties of microcallus in human cancellous bone. J Orthop Res. March 1992;10(2):237-246.
2000	Hoffler CE, Moore KE, Kozloff K, Zysset PK, Goldstein SA. Age, gender, and bone lamellae elastic moduli. J Orthop Res. May 2000;18(3):432-437.
2009	Zysset PK. Indentation of bone tissue: a short review. Osteoporos Int. June 2009;20(6):1049-1055.
2001	Grant JP, Oxland TR, Dvorak MF. Mapping the structural properties of the lumbosacral vertebral endplates. Spine. April 15, 2001;26(8):889-896.
2018	Hunt HB. Characterization of Material Properties, Microarchitecture, and Mechanics of Bone from Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus [PhD thesis]. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University; December 2018.
2002	Hengsberger S. Mechanical Characterization of Bone from the Tissue Down to the Lamellar Level by Means of Nanoindentation [PhD thesis]. Lausanne, Switzerland: École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; 2002.
2014	Holub O. Biomechanics of Spinal Metastases [PhD thesis]. University of Leeds; April 2014.
2007	Zhang J. Mechanical Property Determination of Bone Through Nano- and Microindentation Testing and Finite Element Simulation [PhD thesis]. University of Notre Dame; July 2007.
2010	Gurkan UA. Engineering of Bone Marrow in Vitro for Investigating the Role of Growth Factors and Their Mechanoresponsiveness in Osteogenesis [PhD thesis]. Purdue University; May 2010.
2010	Engbretson AC. Determining the Modulus of Intact Bovine Vertebral Cancellous Bone Tissue: Development and Validation of a Protocol [Master's thesis]. Queen's University; August 25, 2010.
2004	Mittra ES. Assessment of Trabecular Bone Quality Using Microstructure, Micro-Mechanics and Micro-Finite Element Modeling [PhD thesis]. Stony Brook, NY: Stony Brook University; May 2004.
2012	Tennick CJ. The Identification and Classification of Sharp Force Trauma on Bone Using Low Power Microscopy [PhD thesis]. University of Central Lancashire; July 2012.
1991	Choi K. The Micro Mechanical Properties of Bone Tissue [PhD thesis]. University of Michigan; 1991.
1994	Jepsen KJ. Characterization of the Hierarchical Composite Properties of Cortical Bone: A Transgenic Approach [PhD thesis]. University of Michigan; 1994.
2010	Kemper AR. The Biomechanics of Thoracic Skeletal Response [PhD thesis]. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; March 30, 2010.

Year	Entry
1960	Jowsey J. Age changes in human bone. Clin Orthop. 1960;17:210-218.
1952	Amprino R, Engström A. Studies on x-ray absorption and diffraction of bone tissue. Acta Anat. 1952;15(1-2):1-22.
1958	Amprino R. Investigations on some physical properties of bone tissue. Acta Anat. 1958;34(3):161-186.