Crash avoidance potential of four passenger vehicle technologies

Jermakian, Jessica S.<sup>1</sup>

Affiliations

¹Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, 1005 North Glebe Road, Arlington, VA 22201, United States

Abstract and keywords

Objectives: The objective was to update estimates of maximum potential crash reductions in the United States associated with each of four crash avoidance technologies: side view assist, forward collision warning/mitigation, lane departure warning/prevention, and adaptive headlights. Compared with previous estimates (Farmer, 2008), estimates in this study attempted to account for known limitations of current systems.

Methods: Crash records were extracted from the 2004–08 files of the National Automotive Sampling System General Estimates System (NASS GES) and the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS). Crash descriptors such as vehicle damage location, road characteristics, time of day, and precrash maneuvers were reviewed to determine whether the information or action provided by each technology potentially could have prevented or mitigated the crash.

Results: Of the four crash avoidance technologies, forward collision warning/mitigation had the greatest potential for preventing crashes of any severity; the technology is potentially applicable to 1.2 million crashes in the United States each year, including 66,000 serious and moderate injury crashes and 879 fatal crashes. Lane departure warning/prevention systems appeared relevant to 179,000 crashes per year. Side view assist and adaptive headlights could prevent 395,000 and 142,000 crashes per year, respectively. Lane departure warning/prevention was relevant to the most fatal crashes, up to 7500 fatal crashes per year. A combination of all four current technologies potentially could prevent or mitigate (without double counting) up to 1,866,000 crashes each year, including 149,000 serious and moderate injury crashes and 10,238 fatal crashes. If forward collision warning were extended to detect objects, pedestrians, and bicyclists, it would be relevant to an additional 3868 unique fatal crashes.

Conclusions: There is great potential effectiveness for vehicle-based crash avoidance systems. However, it is yet to be determined how drivers will interact with the systems. The actual effectiveness of these systems will not be known until sufficient real-world experience has been gained.

Keywords: Crash risk; Active safety; Crash avoidance technology; GES; FARS

Links

DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2010.10.020

PubMed: 21376861

WoS: 000288971200019

History

Received: 2010-03-8

Revised: 2010-07-12

Accepted: 2010-10-19

Online: 2010-11-27

Cited Works (5)

Year	Entry
2006	Farmer CM, Lund AK. Trends over time in the risk of driver death: what if vehicle designs had not improved? Traffic Inj Prev. December 2006;7(4):335-342.
2009	Kuehn M, Hummel T, Bende J. Benefit estimation of advanced driver assistance systems for cars derived from real-life accidents. In: Proceedings of the 21st International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 15-18, 2009; Stuttgart, Germany.
2009	Schittenhelm H. The vision of accident free driving: how efficient are we actually in avoiding or mitigating longitudinal real world accidents. In: Proceedings of the 21st International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 15-18, 2009; Stuttgart, Germany.
2007	Coelingh E, Jakobsson L, Lind H, Lindman M. Collision warning with auto brake: a real-life safety perspective. In: Proceedings of the 20th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 18-21, 2007; Lyon, France.
2005	Sugimoto Y, Sauer C. Effectiveness estimation method for advanced driver assistance system and its application to collision mitigation brake system. In: Proceedings of the 19th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 6-9, 2005; Washington, DC.

Cited By (10)

Year	Entry
2013	Moore M, Zuby D. Collision avoidance features: initial results. In: Proceedings of the 23rd International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 27-30, 2013; Seoul, South Korea.
2017	Strandroth J, Lie A, Rizzi M. Real-world benefits of adaptive headlights (ADHL) on passenger cars in Sweden. In: Proceedings of the 25th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 5-8, 2017; Detroit, MI.
2017	Grover C, Avery M. Emergency lane keeping (ELK) system test development. In: Proceedings of the 25th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 5-8, 2017; Detroit, MI.
2019	Östling M, Lubbe N, Jeppsson H, Puthan P. Passenger car safety beyond ADAS: defining remaining accident configurations as future priorities. In: Proceedings of the 26th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 10-13, 2019; Eindhoven, Netherlands.
2015	MacAlister A, Zuby DS. Cyclist crash scenarios and factors relevant to the design of cyclist detection systems. In: Proceedings of the 2015 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 9-11, 2015; Lyon, France.373-384.
2019	Östling M, Jeppsson H, Lubbe N. Predicting crash configurations in passenger car to passenger car crashes to guide the development of future passenger car safety. In: Proceedings of the 2019 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 11-13, 2019; Florence, Italy.625-642.
2017	Cicchino JB. Effectiveness of forward collision warning and autonomous emergency braking systems in reducing front-to-rear crash rates. Accid Anal Prev. February 2017;99(pt A):142-152.
2017	Scanlon JM III. Evaluating the Potential of an Intersection Driver Assistance System to Prevent U.S. Intersection Crashes [PhD thesis]. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; March 24, 2017.
2018	Holmes DA. The Effect of Lane Departure Warning Systems on Cross-Centerline Crashes [Master's thesis]. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; April 16, 2018.
2023	Dean ME. Applications of Event Data Recorder Derived Crash Severity Metrics to Injury Prevention [PhD thesis]. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; March 20, 2023.