A study of the structural response of wet hyaline cartilage to various loading situations

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Broom, Neil D.¹; Myers, Donald B.²

A study of the structural response of wet hyaline cartilage to various loading situations

Connect Tissue Res. 1980;7(4):227-237

©1980 Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, Inc.

Affiliations

¹Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand

²Rheumatic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Medical Research Institute, University of Otago Medical School, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Abstract

A direct view has been obtained of the manner in which the fibrous components and chondrocytes in hyaline cartilage respond to the application of uniaxial tensile loading and plane-strain compressive loading.

A micro-mechanical testing device has been developed which inserts directly into the stage of a high-resolution optical microscope fitted with Nomarski interference contrast and this has permitted simultaneous morphological and mechanical observations to be conducted on articular cartilage maintained in its wet functional condition.

Aligned and crimped fibrous arrays surround the deeper chondrocytes and can be observed to undergo well-defined geometric changes with applied stress. It is thought that these arrays may act as displacement or strain sensors transmitting mechanical information from the bulk matrix to their associated cells thus inducing a specific metabolic response.

The process of tissue recovery following sustained high levels of compressive loading can also be observed with this experimental technique.
Links

DOI: 10.3109/03008208009152358

PubMed: 6450024

WoS: A1980KM08800003
History

Received: 1979-07-24

Revised: 1979-10-18
Cited Works (1)

Year Entry

1963 Elmore SM, Sokoloff L, Norris G, Carmeci P. Nature of “imperfect” elasticity of articular cartilage. J Appl Physiol. 1963;18(2):393-396.

Cited By (40)

Year	Entry
1994	Mow VC, Bachrach NM, Setton LA, Guilak F. Stress, strain, pressure and flow fields in articular cartilage and chondrocytes. In: Mow VC, Tran-Son-Tay R, Guilak F, Hochmuth RM, eds. Cell Mechanics and Cellular Engineering. Symposium on Cell Mechanics and Cellular Engineering; July 10-15, 1994. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag; 1994:345-379.
1994	Guilak F, Donahue HJ, Zell RA, Grande D, McLeod KJ, Rubin CT. Deformation-induced calcium signaling in articular chondrocytes. In: Mow VC, Tran-Son-Tay R, Guilak F, Hochmuth RM, eds. Cell Mechanics and Cellular Engineering. Symposium on Cell Mechanics and Cellular Engineering; July 10-15, 1994. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag; 1994:380-397.
1994	Urban JPG, Hall AC. The effects of hydrostatic and osmotic pressures on chondrocyte metabolism. In: Mow VC, Tran-Son-Tay R, Guilak F, Hochmuth RM, eds. Cell Mechanics and Cellular Engineering. Symposium on Cell Mechanics and Cellular Engineering; July 10-15, 1994. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag; 1994:398-419.
2003	Hu JCY, Athanasiou KA. The role of mechanical forces in tissue engineering of articular cartilage. In: Guilak F, Butler DL, Goldstein SA, Mooney DJ, eds. Functional Tissue Engineering. New York, NY: Inc., Springer-Verlag; 2003:227-242.
2003	Guilak F, Setton LA. Functional tissue engineering and the role of biomechanical signaling in articular cartilage repair. In: Guilak F, Butler DL, Goldstein SA, Mooney DJ, eds. Functional Tissue Engineering. New York, NY: Inc., Springer-Verlag; 2003:277-290.
1996	Schinagl RM, Ting MK, Price JH, Sah RL. Video microscopy to quantitate the inhomogeneous equilibrium strain within articular cartilage during confined compression. Ann Biomed Eng. July–August 1996;24(4):500-512.
2000	Grodzinsky AJ, Levenston ME, Jin M, Frank EH. Cartilage tissue remodeling in response to mechanical forces. Annu Rev Biomed Eng. 2000;2:691-713.
1994	Urban JPG. The chondrocyte: a cell under pressure. Br J Rheumatol. October 1994;33(10):901-908.
1995	Lee DA, Bader DL. The development and characterization of anin vitro system to study strain-induced cell deformation in isolated chondrocytes. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim. December 1995;31(11):828-835.
1997	Poole CA. Articular cartilage chondrons: form, function and failure. J Anat. 1997;191(1):1-13.
2001	Roberts SR, Knight MM, Lee DA, Bader DL. Mechanical compression influences intracellular Ca²⁺ signaling in chondrocytes seeded in agarose constructs. J Appl Physiol. April 2001;90(4):1385-1391.
1995	Matyas JR, Anton MG, Shrive NG, Frank CB. Stress governs tissue phenotype at the femoral insertion of the rabbit MCL. J Biomech. February 1995;28(2):147-157.
1995	Guilak F. Compression-induced changes in the shape and volume of the chondrocyte nucleus. J Biomech. December 1995;28(12):1529-1541.
1987	Poole CA, Flint MH, Beaumont BW. Chondrons in cartilage: ultrastructural analysis of the pericellular microenvironment in adult human articular cartilages. J Orthop Res. 1987;5(4):509-522.
1988	Gray ML, Pizzanelli AM, Grodzinsky AJ, Lee RC. Mechanical and physicochemical determinants of the chondrocyte biosynthetic response. J Orthop Res. November 1988;6(6):777-792.
1989	Sah RL-Y, Kim Y-J, Doong J-YH, Grodzinsky AJ, Plass AHK, Sandy JD. Biosynthetic response of cartilage explants to dynamic compression. J Orthop Res. 1989;7(5):619-636.
1992	Parkkinen JJ, Lammi MJ, Helminen HJ, Tammi M. Local stimulation of proteoglycan synthesis in articular cartilage explants by dynamic compression in vitro. J Orthop Res. 1992;10(5):610-620.
1994	Freeman PM, Natarajan RN, Kimura JH, Andriacchi TP. Chondrocyte cells respond mechanically to compressive loads. J Orthop Res. May 1994;12(3):311-320.
1995	Guilak F, Ratcliffe A, Mow VC. Chondrocyte deformation and local tissue strain in articular cartilage: a confocal microscopy study. J Orthop Res. May 1995;13(3):410-421.
1997	Lee DA, Bader DL. Compressive strains at physiological frequencies influence the metabolism of chondrocytes seeded in agarose. J Orthop Res. March 1997;15(2):181-188.
1997	Schinagl RM, Gurskis D, Chen AC, Sah RL. Depth-dependent confined compression modulus of full-thickness bovine articular cartilage. J Orthop Res. July 1997;15(4):499-506.
1994	Guilak F, Meyer BC, Ratcliffe A, Mow VC. The effects of matrix compression on proteoglycan metabolism in articular cartilage explants. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. June 1994;2(2):91-101.
1999	Guilak F, Jones WR, Ting-Beall HP, Lee GM. The deformation behavior and mechanical properties of chondrocytes in articular cartilage. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. January 1999;7(1):59-70.
2001	Chen SS, Falcovitz YH, Schneiderman R, Maroudas A, Sah RL. Depth-dependent compressive properties of normal aged human femoral head articular cartilage: relationship to fixed charge density. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. August 2001;9(6):561-569.
2001	Smith CL. Some Aspects of the Biomechanics of Articular Cartilage Repair [PhD thesis]. Cleveland, OH: Case Western Reserve University; May 2001.
2007	Likhitpanichkul M. The Cell-Matrix Mechano-Electrochemical Interactions in Articular Cartilage: Experiment and Triphasic Model [PhD thesis]. Columbia University; 2007.
1986	Gray ML. Physical Regulation of Epiphyseal Cartilage Biosynthesis: Responses to Electrical, Mechanical, and Chemical Signals [PhD thesis]. Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; July 1986.
1990	Sah RL-Y. Biophysical Regulation of Matrix Systhesis, Assembly, and Degradation in Dynamically Compressed Calf Cartilage [PhD thesis]. Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 1990.
2009	Fan CY. Effects of Intermittent Static and Dynamic Tension on Articular Chondrocytes in High Density Culture [Master's thesis]. Queen's University; March 2009.
2005	Hu J. Chondrocyte Self -Assembly and Culture in Bioreactors [PhD thesis]. Houston, TX: Rice University; April 2005.
1996	Mikic B. Epigenetic Influences on Long Bone Growth, Development, and Evolution [PhD thesis]. Stanford University; June 1996.
2009	Han SK. In Situ Chondrocyte Mechanics and Numerical Modeling [PhD thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; April 2009.
2013	Madden RMJ. In Situ Chondrocyte Mechanics and Mechanobiology [Master's thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; August 2013.
1997	Schinagl RM. Depth-Dependent Compressive Properties and Cell Adhesion in Articular Cartilage Repair [PhD thesis]. San Diego (UCSD), University of California; 1997.
2005	Temple MM. Age- and Site-Associated Biomechanical Weakening of Human Articular Cartilage: Relationship to Cellularity, Wear, Matrix Fragmentation and the Progression to Osteoarthritis [PhD thesis]. San Diego (UCSD), University of California; 2005.
2006	Schmidt TA. Proteoglycan 4 Metabolism and Boundary Lubrication of Articular Cartilage [PhD thesis]. San Diego (UCSD), University of California; 2006.
2022	Ojanen S. Multiscale Imaging and Biomechanics of Articular Cartilage in an Animal Model of Osteoarthritis [PhD thesis]. University of Eastern Finland; 2022.
2017	Sharma P. The Influence of Vimentin Intermediate Filaments on Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Response to Physical Stimuli [PhD thesis]. University of Maryland; 2017.
2000	Fedewa MM. Determinants of Microstructural Load Transfer in Cartilage Tissue from Chondrocyte Culture [PhD thesis]. University of Minnesota; August 2000.
2020	Black A. Integrin Alpha 1 Beta 1 Has Limited Influence on Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling But Sex-Dependent Effects on Estrogen Receptor Beta in Murine Knee Chondrocytes [Master's thesis]. University of Guelph; September 2020.